Ginseng is an important traditional medicine food homology plant and rich in various bioactive components. Commercial sterilization as a typical common thermal processing method has a significant impact on fresh ginsengs. In this study, the impact of commercial sterilization on nutritional components in ginsengs including amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, organic acids and vitamins was studied by widely targeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). The nutritional compounds of sterilized ginseng pulps (SGP) and fresh ginseng pulps (FGP) were significantly distinguished by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis. The results suggested that 431 nutritional compounds were totally detected, among which 161 nutritional compounds were significantly changed including 31 amino acids, 30 carbohydrates, 65 lipids, 26 organic acids and 9 vitamins after commercial sterilization. This study systematically analyzed the remarkable effects of commercial sterilization on the nutritional components of fresh ginseng and provided a novel reference for evaluating the influence of thermal processing on ginseng quality.
Dimensionality reduction and segmentation have been used as methods to reduce the complexity of the representation of hyperspectral remote sensing images. In this study, a new object-oriented mapping approach is proposed based on nonlinear subspace feature analysis of hyperspectral remote sensing images. Nonlinear local manifold learning approaches for feature extraction were utilized to obtain subspace feature representation of hyperspectral rem ote sensing images. Afterwards, with a proper selection of parameters, the extracted subspace feature images were fed into the object-oriented system. Texture features derived from gray level co-occurrence matrix and wavelet filter with the use of SVM classifier at th e pixel level of the feature images were also used to evaluate the proposed algorithm. Experiments are conducted on the AVIRIS dataset with 220 spectral bands, covering an agricultural area. Classification results show that the proposed object-oriented subspace a nalysis approach can give significantly higher accuracies than the traditional pixel-level and texture-based subspace feature classific ation.
By studying the strong uniquess properties of best complex Chebyshev approximations to perturbations of a special class of functions, we show that strong uniqueness is not a generic property when we restrict ourselves to nonoscillatory'' functions. 10 refs.
Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) is a lipid peroxidase found in rice embryos that is known to affect seed quality. Interestingly, deletion of the LOX3 gene has been shown to improve rice seed quality but decrease resistance to rice blast disease and drought. To investigate these opposing effects, we generated a LOX3 knockout construct (ΔLox3) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Blast resistance and transcription levels of rice genes in ΔLox3 rice plants and the effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) on resistance and transcriptional levels of rice genes in Magnaporthe oryzae-infected ΔLox3 rice plants were further elucidated. The results showed that the ΔLox3 plants exhibited normal phenotypes, with high levels of methyl-linolenate and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the genes involved in three Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways contributed to rice seed quality. M. oryzae-infected ΔLox3 plants exhibited serious blast symptoms with a reduced defense response but increased ROS-mediated cell death, and the genes involved in seven KEGG pathways contributed to rice seed quality. Exogenous JA treatment alleviated blast symptoms in infected ΔLox3 plants by hindering hyphal expansion, inhibiting ROS-mediated cell death, and increasing the defense response, and genes involved in 12 KEGG pathways contributed to rice seed quality. These findings demonstrate that LOX3 plays an important role in rice growth and defense, and its knockout improves rice quality at the expense of disease resistance. Exogenous JA provides a means to compensate for the reduction in defense responses of LOX3 knockout rice lines, suggesting potential applications in agricultural production.
Ginseng is widely recognized for its diverse health benefits and serves as a functional food ingredient with global popularity. Ginsenosides with a broad range of pharmacological effects are the most crucial active ingredients in ginseng. This study aimed to derive ginseng glucosyl oleanolate (GGO) from ginsenoside Ro through enzymatic conversion and evaluate its impact on liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. GGO exhibited concentration-dependent HepG2 cell death and markedly inhibited cell proliferation via the MAPK signaling pathway. It also attenuated tumor growth in immunocompromised mice undergoing heterograft transplantation. Furthermore, GGO intervention caused a modulation of gut microbiota composition by specific bacterial populations, including Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Enterococcus, etc., and ameliorated SCFA metabolism and colonic inflammation. These findings offer promising evidence for the potential use of GGO as a natural functional food ingredient in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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