Nickel foam was modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and β-cyclodextrins to fabricate the electrodes with conductive spider nest shaped multi-scale three-dimensional porous structure for assembling symmetrical supercapacitor. The chemical bond inside carbon nanotubes, π-π stack effects between carbon nanotubes, and physical adsorption between carbon nanotubes and nickel foam substrate were the main force to stabilize the spider nest structure. The role of β-cyclodextrins was dispersant to prevent agglomeration of carbon nanotubes, enhancing electroactive surface area of nickel foam, and improving specific capacitance of the electrodes. The electrodes had excellent rate capability. The obtained symmetrical supercapacitors exhibited good specific capacitance of 273.4 F g−1, energy density of 102.9 Wh kg-1, and excellent power density of 17561.3 W kg-1 with outstanding cycling stability for 4000 cycles. The supercapacitor had the ability to operate in seawater stably and had promising to be used as eco-friendly power supply to marine engineering equipment.
Poly-arginines are strong tools to elevate the cellular uptake of nanopreparations. To learn the influence of poly-arginine (RRRRRRRR, R8) density on a series of properties of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC), we build six R8 modified NLCs with different R8 densities (nR-NLC, where n represents the R8 ratio) by fusion–emulsion method with the aid of stearyl-R8. The pharmaceutical characteristics like size, zeta potential and in vitro drug release, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity to A549 cells and tissue distribution in S180 tumor-bearing mice of the six nR-NLCs are all investigated. It turns out that with as little as 2% weight ratio of stearyl-R8 modified on NLC, its pharmaceutical properties, especially zeta potential changes astonishingly; however, the stearyl-R8 ratio should be higher than 4% to upgrade the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity evidently; in the ex vivo tissue distribution assessment, the nR-NLC with less than 8% R8 showed similar tissue accumulation, while NLC with 10% R8 shows obvious acute toxicity to mice. Our study pays attention to the effect of the R8 ratio on the changes of cargo properties, and the results indicate that this topic is essential and worth to be further developed.
Abstract The development of a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of ciprofloxacin is crucial to ensure human health and safeguard the ecological environment. The present study demonstrates the synthesis of water-stable ratiometric fluorescence probe casein–Tb–Ti3C2 quantum dots (casein–Tb–Ti3C2 QDs) for precise detection of ciprofloxacin, based on the principle that ciprofloxacin effectively coordinates with lanthanide metal to enhance the fluorescence signal. In this approach, the I543 to I440 ratio was utilized as an indicator for monitoring changes in ciprofloxacin concentration. The ratiometric fluorescence probe demonstrated excellent linearity across a concentration range of 2–800 µM and exhibited high sensitivity, achieving a detection limit of 1.81 µM for ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the ratiometric fluorescence probe was successfully employed for the detection of ciprofloxacin in milk and pork samples, achieving recoveries that ranged from 71.23–102.22%. Due to the advantages of high sensitivity and favorable selectivity, the potential of utilizing the ratiometric fluorescence probe for practical applications in ciprofloxacin detection.
Abstract. Waterfowl farming is an important part of China's animal husbandry, and its slaughter volume has ranked first in the world for many years. With the rapid development of large-scale aquaculture, the harmless treatment of waterfowl manure has become a key problem to be solved urgently. Fermentation bed aquaculture is a feasible and environment-friendly aquaculture mode to control pollutant emissions from farms. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of amount of manure in different breeding cycles and regular raking operations on litter materials diversification, as determined by varying treatments: â one breeding cycle manure(OC); â¡one breeding cycle manure with raking(OCR); ⢠three breeding cycles manure(TC); â£three breeding cycles manure with raking(TCR); ⤠six breeding cycles manure(SC); â¥six breeding cycles manure with raking(SCR). The basic parameters such as litter temperature, pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content (TN, TP and TK) and C/N ratio were regularly monitored on 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 42 d and 56 d; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of different treatments were tested on the end of trial. The results showed that with the increase of the amount of aquaculture manure addition, the initial organic matter content of the fermentation bed increased, the C/N ratio decreased, and the maximum temperature of the fermentation process also increased. PH increased slightly and then decreased and difference among treatments was not obvious at the same time point. Meanwhile, raking operation regularly was conducive to the fermentation of manure in the litter bed. More multiple temperature peaks of fermentations processes were seen in raking treatments in the same amount of time. A trend of first decreasing and then increasing was seen in TN content of raking treatments, TN content of SCR increased by 10.62% compared with that of SC. Conversely, TP and TK content had always maintained an upward trend, finally TP and TK content of SCR increased by 35.88% and 26.21% compared with that of SC. The degradation rate of organic matter of SCR, TCR and OCR were significantly reduced lower by 12.14%, 11.29% and 6.32% than that of SC, TC and OC respectively. The C/N ratio of SCR, TCR and OCR were decreased by 5.17%, 8.49% and 7.82% compared with that of SC, TC and OC, respectively. As fermenting progresses, it could be seen that protein, carbohydrate and starches compounds decrease while aromatization increases compared with no raking treatments from the infrared spectrum. Accordingly, with the increase of breeding cycles in the production, proper raking management was recommended to implement, which would be benefit to accelerate decomposing process of the manure compost in the fermentation bed.
Fe ∕ Pt multilayered nanowires with well-defined interfaces and layer thicknesses were fabricated by a pulse-plating technique in nanoporous anodic alumina templates. The structure, surface morphology, and magnetic properties of the multilayered nanowire arrays have been characterized by x-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. It is found that after being annealed at temperatures of 300°C, FePt ordered phase with high magnetic anisotropy is formed. This can be explained by rapid diffusion at Fe∕Pt interface.
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