Ambient air pollution has posed negative effects on human health. Individual-level factors may modify this effect, but previous studies have controversial conclusions, and evidence is lacking especially in developing countries. This study aims to examine the modifying effects of sex, age, and education level of individuals on the associated between daily mortality and air pollutants, including particulate matter < 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Time-series analysis was conducted to investigate the acute effects of the air pollution on daily mortality from January 2002 to December 2010 in Wuhan, China. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) were used to examine the association stratified by sex for non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. For non-accidental mortality, stratified analysis was also conducted by age and educational level. Outdoor air pollution was associated with daily non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in a 2-day average concentration of PM10, SO2, and NO2 was corresponding to the increase in non-accidental mortality of 0.29% (95%CI: 0.06–0.53%), 1.22% (95%CI: 0.77–1.67%) and 1.60% (95%CI: 1.00–2.19%), respectively. The effects of air pollution were faster in females than males. The magnitude of the estimates was higher for females with low education, aged 65–75 years for PM10 and < 65 years for SO2. To be more specific, we observed that per 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 was association with increases in non-accidental mortality of 2.03% (95%CI: 1.38–2.67) for all females and 3.10% (95%CI: 2.05–4.16) for females with low education. Females and people with low-education are more susceptible to the effect of air pollution, which would provide a sound scientific basis for determination of air pollution standards.
Twelve ruthenium(II) arene complexes incorporating chalcone ligands with pyridyl and anthryl units, as well as chlorido or oxalato ancillary ligands, have been synthesized and structurally characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Compared to the oxalato compounds, the chlorido complexes were less stable and more susceptible to aquation in solution; the dissociation was suppressed in the presence of chloride ions. All six of the chlorido complexes and three of the oxalato complexes were able to bind to quadruplex DNA via intercalation, exhibiting greater selectivity for HTelo over c-myc. The cationic species 4f, in which the chalcone chelates to the metal center, was found to bind to HTelo most strongly. These results indicate that the ancillary ligand, the location of the N-donor atom in the pyridyl ring, the position of the α,β-unsaturated ketone relative to the pyridyl and anthryl entities in the chalcone moiety, as well as the presence of the metal center all play significant roles in improving intercalative binding to quadruplex DNA.
With the development of China and the relationship between Korea and China, more and more Korean people start to learn Chinese. The range of Chinese learners is expanding to younger ages. Not only primary school students but also preschoolers start to learn Chinese. Through observation, the author finds that this field has just begun to develop and is still immature, but there is a great demand and development space. What we can do is to well prepare education resources and efficient education methods to promote the development of Chinese education for young children. The picture book is not only children`s beloved literary genre that can attract children`s eyes, pleasure their ears and arouse their interests but also a kind of language information deliver that can help children to learn words, grammar and some simple expressions. Especially, when we use the Chinese version of famous picture books to teach, we can help children achieve better results in Chinese learning. Therefore, this paper focused on the use of picture books in children`s Chinese education, which includes analysing the possibility and necessity of the use of picture books in Chinese education for young children and studying the application of picture books.
Abstract Myeloid sarcoma is a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia as a solid tumor at various extramedullary sites. In this case, we report 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings in an 18-year-old woman with biopsy-proven myeloid sarcoma involving the left breast. 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed a far better tumor-to-background contrast than 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the left breast mass. Moreover, follow-up 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT after 2 cycles of chemotherapy revealed a reduction in tumor size with decreasing activity in the myeloid sarcoma lesions.
연구 목적: 본 연구는 영화 속에 삽입된 클래식 음악 감상 활동을 통해 초등학교 음악 수업에서 창의성을 높일 수 있는 음악 감상 수업을 설계하는 것에 목적을 두었다. 연구 방법: 연구 방법은 문헌고찰 방식과 영화음악을 활용한 감상 수업 지도안을 설계하였다. 연구 내용: 연구 내용으로는 선행연구를 검토하고, 영화와 음악, 창의성, 영화음악의 교육적 가치에 대해 알아보았으며, 음악 감상 수업모형을 토대로 수업 지도안을 제시하였다. 결론 및 제언: 연구 결과 첫째, 영화음악을 활용한 창의적 음악 감상 수업 설계를 통해 학생들의 학습 동기와 흥미를 유발하여 자기주도적인 수업이 가능할 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 음악 감상 수업모형을 통해 학생들의 창의성에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 영화와 음악 모두를 감상함으로써 다양한 감정을 느끼고 표현하는 방법을 습득하여 음악의 아름다움을 알 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 초등학생의 음악 감상 수업에서 학생들이 느끼는 감정을 자유롭게 표현하고 음악의 아름다움을 체험하고 경험할 수 있도록 하는 의미있는 음악 감상 교육이 지속되기를 기대한다. 본 연구에서는 문헌 연구 및 수업 설계 지도안 제시를 중심으로 진행되었기에 추후 연구에서는 수업에 적용한 후 그 효과성에 대한 연구가 필요하다.
Efficient access to the synthesis of lactam-derived quinoline through a bicyclic amidine-triggered cyclization reaction from readily prepared o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes has been developed. The reaction was initiated by nucleophilic attack of the bicyclic amidines to o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes, subsequently with intramolecular cyclization to produce a DBU-quinoline-based amidinium salt, followed by hydrolysis to afford the lactam-derived quinoline in moderate to good yields.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
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