Francisco Campuzano Jiménez

Roskilde University

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Athanasios Zervas

Aarhus University

Martyn Tranter

Aarhus University

Peter Stougaard

Aarhus University

Ate H. Jaarsma

Roskilde University

Katie Sipes

University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Liane G. Benning

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Mariane Schmidt Thøgersen

Aarhus University

Alexandre M. Anesio

Aarhus University

Juan J. Vila

Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra

Liessel Victoria Svendsen

Roskilde University

Cooperative Institutions

University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo

Aarhus University

Roskilde University

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

University of Central Florida

Arecibo Observatory

Universities Space Research Association

Monasterium Laboratory Skin & Hair Research Solutions (Germany)

Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra

Universidad de Navarra

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27 Preclinical ex vivo and in vivo evidence supporting selective inhibition of tyrosine kinase 2-dependent, IL-12-mediated signaling as a novel pharmacological strategy for alopecia areata management

Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2023)

J. Edelkamp T. Rouillé J.H. Kim Aviad Keren J. Viola-Söhnlein

Ex vivo

10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.035

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The Undiscovered Biosynthetic Potential of the Greenland Ice Sheet Microbiome

ARPHA Conference Abstracts (2023)

Ate H. Jaarsma Katie Sipes Athanasios Zervas Francisco Campuzano Jiménez Andrea Smith

The Greenland Ice Sheet is a biome primarily driven by microbial activity. Despite the harsh conditions, such as cold temperatures, low nutrient levels, high UV radiation in summer, and long dark winters, various niches can be found on the ice sheet that can support organisms capable of withstanding these challenges. During the summer, eukaryotic glacier ice algae grow in large quantities on the ice surface, accompanied by a community of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Additionally, cryoconite holes and snow serve as habitats with their own distinct microbial communities. Nevertheless, the microbiome of supraglacial habitats remains poorly studied, leading to a lack of representative genomes from these environments. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the supraglacial microbiome using both culturing-dependent and -independent methods. We compared genomes obtained through metagenomic sequencing (133 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes or MAGs) and whole genome sequencing (73 bacterial isolates) to the metagenome assemblies to determine their abundance within the total environmental DNA. Interestingly, the isolates obtained in this study were not dominant taxa in their respective habitats, unlike the MAGs. Under-investigated extremophiles, such as those inhabiting the Greenland Ice Sheet, may offer an untapped reservoir of undiscovered chemical diversity. We cataloged the biosynthetic potential of these organisms by examining the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in the obtained genomes. To accomplish this, we utilized tools like the Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell (AntiSMASH) and the Biosynthetic Gene Similarity Clustering and Prospecting Engine (BiG-SCAPE) to mine these genomes and subsequently analyze the resulting predicted BGCs. We identified a total of 849 BGCs, which were organized into 411 gene cluster families (GCFs). Notably, the MAGs and isolate genomes exhibited distinct pools of biosynthetic diversity, with only 5 GCFs shared between the two groups. The cryoconite genomes yielded the most unique GCFs. Furthermore, we found evidence for the capacity of these microbes to produce antimicrobials, carotenoids, and osmoprotectants. However, many of the obtained BGCs could not be matched to similar, previously described BGCs, highlighting the vastness of the undescribed biosynthetic potential present in microbes from the Greenland Ice Sheet.

Biome

Psychrophile

Greenland ice sheet

10.3897/aca.6.e108004

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided therapy of a rectal Dieulafoy lesion

Endoscopy (2014)

Juan J. Vila Manuel Pérez‐Miranda Marta Basterra Marta Gómez Ignacio Fernández-Urién

A 68-year-old man with stage IV renal cell adenocarcinoma was admitted for severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding and hemodynamic instability. After blood transfusion, colonoscopy revealed fresh blood in the rectum and sigmoid colon but no apparent lesions. At 4 days after admission, the patient experienced another episode of severe bleeding. A repeat colonoscopy showed active pulsatile bleeding from an exposed vessel without mucosal ulceration, consistent with a Dieulafoy lesion located 3 cm above the anal verge. An endoscopically administered epinephrine injection (1 : 10 000) stopped the bleeding. After 5 days, recurrence of bleeding was noted from the treated vessel but it ceased with appropriate placement of two hemoclips and another epinephrine injection. However, in spite of this endoscopic treatment, 4 days later the patient had re-bleeding. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided vascular treatment was planned prior to considering surgical treatment ([Video 1]). The ultrasonographic view showed a persistently wide-caliber vessel, that is, without any sign of tapering, coursing directly toward the mucosal surface ([Fig. 1]) with arterial flow ([Fig. 2]). Under EUS guidance, the rectal wall was punctured the needle tip directed toward the vessel ([Fig. 3]) and 6 mL of 2 % polidocanol was injected, with cessation of bleeding ([Fig. 4]). Subsequently, the patient did not experience any new bleeding episodes and was discharged, however, 2 months later he passed away following progression of his oncologic disease.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Anal verge

10.1055/s-0033-1344776

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Citations (10)

The undiscovered biosynthetic potential of the Greenland Ice Sheet microbiome

Frontiers in Microbiology (2023)

Ate H. Jaarsma Athanasios Zervas Katie Sipes Francisco Campuzano Jiménez Andrea Claire Smith

The Greenland Ice Sheet is a biome which is mainly microbially driven. Several different niches can be found within the glacial biome for those microbes able to withstand the harsh conditions, e.g., low temperatures, low nutrient conditions, high UV radiation in summer, and contrasting long and dark winters. Eukaryotic algae can form blooms during the summer on the ice surface, interacting with communities of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Cryoconite holes and snow are also habitats with their own microbial community. Nevertheless, the microbiome of supraglacial habitats remains poorly studied, leading to a lack of representative genomes from these environments. Under-investigated extremophiles, like those living on the Greenland Ice Sheet, may provide an untapped reservoir of chemical diversity that is yet to be discovered. In this study, an inventory of the biosynthetic potential of these organisms is made, through cataloging the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters in their genomes. There were 133 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and 28 whole genomes of bacteria obtained from samples of the ice sheet surface, cryoconite, biofilm, and snow using culturing-dependent and -independent approaches. AntiSMASH and BiG-SCAPE were used to mine these genomes and subsequently analyze the resulting predicted gene clusters. Extensive sets of predicted Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) were collected from the genome collection, with limited overlap between isolates and MAGs. Additionally, little overlap was found in the biosynthetic potential among different environments, suggesting specialization of organisms in specific habitats. The median number of BGCs per genome was significantly higher for the isolates compared to the MAGs. The most talented producers were found among Proteobacteria. We found evidence for the capacity of these microbes to produce antimicrobials, carotenoid pigments, siderophores, and osmoprotectants, indicating potential survival mechanisms to cope with extreme conditions. The majority of identified BGCs, including those in the most prevalent gene cluster families, have unknown functions, presenting a substantial potential for bioprospecting. This study underscores the diverse biosynthetic potential in Greenland Ice Sheet genomes, revealing insights into survival strategies and highlighting the need for further exploration and characterization of these untapped resources.

Biome

Psychrophile

Extremophile

10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285791

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Citations (3)

Abrupt permafrost thaw triggers microbial bloom and grazer succession

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2022)

Maria Scheel Athanasios Zervas Ruud Rijkers Alexander Tøsdal Tveit Flemming Ekelund

Abstract Permafrost soils store a substantial part of the global soil carbon and nitrogen. However global warming causes abrupt erosion and gradual thaw, which make these stocks vulnerable to microbial decomposition into greenhouse gases. Here, we investigated the microbial response to abrupt in situ permafrost thaw. We sequenced the total RNA of a 1 m deep soil core consisting of up to 26’500-year-old permafrost material from an active abrupt erosion site. We analysed the microbial community in the active layer soil, the recently thawed, and the intact permafrost and found maximum RNA:DNA ratios indicating a microbial bloom in recently thawed permafrost. Several fast-growing prokaryotic taxa dominated thawed permafrost, including Sphingobacteriales, Burkholderiales, and Nitrosomonadales. Overall, the thaw state and soil moisture consistently explained changes in community composition, with especially the permafrost community being significantly distinct from thawed soils. Predation correlated with changes in prokaryotic composition. Bacterial grazers were dominated by Myxococcales and abundant in the active layer. In contrast, protozoa, especially Cercozoa and Ciliophora, doubled in relative abundance in thawed layers. Our findings highlight the ecological importance of a rapid development of microbial blooms as well as the successive predation as biological control mechanism in abruptly thawing permafrost. One sentence summary Using total RNA from an up to 26’500-year-old abruptly eroding permafrost site in Greenland, we described a microbial bloom and its controls, including bacterial and microeukaryotic predators. Abstract Figure

Bloom

Active layer

Soil carbon

10.1101/2022.08.09.499897

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Citations (1)

Abrupt permafrost thaw triggers activity of copiotrophs and microbiome predators

FEMS Microbiology Ecology (2023)

Maria Scheel Athanasios Zervas Ruud Rijkers Alexander Tøsdal Tveit Flemming Ekelund

Permafrost soils store a substantial part of the global soil carbon and nitrogen. However, global warming causes abrupt erosion and gradual thaw, which make these stocks vulnerable to microbial decomposition into greenhouse gases. Here, we investigated the microbial response to abrupt in situ permafrost thaw. We sequenced the total RNA of a 1 m deep soil core consisting of up to 26 500-year-old permafrost material from an active abrupt erosion site. We analysed the microbial community in the active layer soil, the recently thawed, and the intact permafrost, and found maximum RNA:DNA ratios in recently thawed permafrost indicating a high microbial activity. In thawed permafrost, potentially copiotrophic Burkholderiales and Sphingobacteriales, but also microbiome predators dominated the community. Overall, both thaw-dependent and long-term soil properties significantly correlated with changes in community composition, as did microbiome predator abundance. Bacterial predators were dominated in shallower depths by Myxococcota, while protozoa, especially Cercozoa and Ciliophora, almost tripled in relative abundance in thawed layers. Our findings highlight the ecological importance of a diverse interkingdom and active microbial community highly abundant in abruptly thawing permafrost, as well as predation as potential biological control mechanism.

Soil carbon

10.1093/femsec/fiad123

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Citations (6)

Addendum to UEGW Abstract book (Gut 1996; 39 (suppl 3))

Gut (1996)

Ana Echarri Fernando Borda J Martinez-Peniuela Francisco Campuzano Jiménez Chiara Valenti

Mast cells are responsable of an increased release of histamine and inflam- matory mediators which may play a role in the development of duodenal ulcers in HP infected patients.Aims: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the presence and intensity of intraepithelial mast cells in antral mucosa of control cases and patients infected by HP, assesing its influence in ulcer development, gastritis inflammatory activity and response to erradicating treatment.Material and Methods: Antral biopsies of 23 cases without histological findings HP (-), 27 HP (+) gastritis without ulcer and 30 duodenal ulcer HP (+) cases were studied.Semiquantitative scoring (1 to 4) was used to measure intraepithelial mast cells intensity.Sidney classification was employed to asses gastritis intensity.In cases of ulcer, biopsies were taken at diagnosis and 1 month after erradicating treatment with Omeprazole and antibiotics.Spearman, Fisher, Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon stadistical tests were performed.Results: lntraepithelial mast cells were present in 27/30 ulcers (90%), 3/27 gastritis (11%) and absent in controls (p < 0.001).Presence intensity was higher in ulcers: 2.43 0.82 than in gastritis: 1.11 ± 0.32 (p < 0.00001).No differences were found between gastritis and control groups.Mast cells density was not related to gastritis intensity (r = 0.14, p = n.s.).After successful erradicating treatment (26/30), mast cells presence dropped to 15.4% (p < 0.001) and infiltration intensity to 1.15 + 0.37 (p < 0.00001).'p < 0.01 compared with normal controls UDCA treatment did not alter HSP antibody levels in any stage of PBC (Pre UDCA: 1.304 + 0.055; Post UDCA: 1.301 + 0.056).Conclusion: Antibodies to HSP are elevated in PBC, especially in early stage disease; that short term UDCA therapy does not affect this response and that the presence of antibodies to HSP may suggest a role for this protein in the pathogenesis of PBC.The trend towards higher levels in early stage disease may suggest a role in the initiation of this disease, which once established may be self perpetuating.Further studies with longer treatment with UDCA are needed.

Addendum

10.1136/gut.39.5.a777

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The size-abundance distribution and taxonomic composition of plankton in an oligotrophic, high mountain lake (La Caldera, Sierra Nevada, Spain)

Journal of Plankton Research (1990)

Fidel Echevarrı́a Presentación Carrillo Francisco Campuzano Jiménez Pedro Sánchez‐Castillo L. Cruz-Pizarro

In this paper we describe the main features of the size-abundance distribution and taxonomic structure of plankton in an oligotrophic, high mountain lake (La Caldera, Sierra Nevada, Spain). The distribution is characterized by a discontinuity in the size range between ˜2000 and 32 000 μm 3 (cell volume). Phytoplankton are numerically dominated by the cyanobacteria Cyanarcus sp., followed by the chrysophyte Chromulina nevadensis and the diatom Cyclotella ocellata . Some microplanktonic species such as the diatom Navicula radiosa were observed sporadically. The size spectrum and composition of the zooplanktonic community are dominated by the copepod Mixodiaptomus laciniatus . On considering biomass, however, the maximum values are associated with the largest size classes, dominated by the cladoceran Daphnia pulex . Both the size structure and taxonomic composition of the planktonic community studied are consistent with expectations based on theories relating the pattern of energy flow and trophic status in lakes.

Daphnia pulex

Trophic state index

10.1093/plankt/12.2.415

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Citations (50)

Arecibo Planetary Radar Observations of Near-Earth Asteroids: 2017 December–2019 December

The Planetary Science Journal (2022)

Anne Virkki S. Marshall Flaviane Venditti Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marin Dylan Hickson

Abstract We successfully observed 191 near-Earth asteroids using the Arecibo Observatory’s S-band planetary radar system from 2017 December through 2019 December. We present radar cross sections for 167 asteroids; circular-polarization ratios for 112 asteroids based on Doppler-echo-power spectra measurements; and radar albedos, constraints on size and spin periods, and surface-feature and shape evaluation for 37 selected asteroids using delay-Doppler radar images with a range resolution of 75 m or finer. Out of 33 asteroids with an estimated effective diameter of at least 200 m and sufficient image quality to give clues of the shape, at least 4 (∼12%) are binary asteroids, including 1 equal-mass binary asteroid, 2017 YE5, and at least 10 (∼30%) are contact-binary asteroids. For 5 out of 112 asteroids with reliable measurements in both circular polarizations, we measured circular-polarization ratios greater than 1.0, which could indicate that they are E-type asteroids, while the mean and the 1 σ standard deviation were 0.37 ± 0.23. Further, we find a mean opposite-sense circular-polarization radar albedo of 0.21 ± 0.11 for 41 asteroids (0.19 ± 0.06 for 11 S-complex asteroids). We identified two asteroids, 2011 WN15 and (505657) 2014 SR339, as possible metal-rich objects based on their unusually high radar albedos, and discuss possible evidence of water ice in 2017 YE5.

Near-Earth object

Albedo (alchemy)

Asteroid belt

10.3847/psj/ac8b72

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Citations (18)

574 USPlus®Derm reinforces the stem cell niche and prolongs anagen by positively modulating dermal papilla inductivity in occipital male scalp hair follicles

Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2024)

David Broadley Alizée Le Riche Francisco Campuzano Jiménez M. Dohnalek J. Edelkamp

Dermal papillae

10.1016/j.jid.2024.06.590

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