Background: Dacryocistitis is an infection of lacrimal system due to blockage of Hasner valve by a membrane commonly found in infant. The management of dacryocistitis includes nasolacrimal massage and topical broad spectrum antibiotics since chloramfenicol and gentamicin are widely used in regional hospital primary health care in Indonesia, the effectiveness of the two antibiotics require an assessment. This study was conducted to compare the clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of gentamicin and chloramfenicol for infant dacryicistitis to describe the etiologic bacterial and its sensitivity pattern.Design and Method: A randomized control trial study included 46 patients divided equally into two groups. Group K received one drop chloramfenicol six times per day and group G receive one drop gentamicin six times per day. Both of groups received therapy for 14 days. Clinical evaluation was done on week I and week II. Microbiological evaluation was performed before treatment and at the end of week two. Criteria for clinical recovery were the disappearance of the sign and symptoms of dacryocistitis, while microbiologic recovery ruled out when there is no bacteria find out on secret and lacrimal system. Antibiotics eye drop was applied after digital massage on lacrimal system and clean the secret. Grams staining, bacterial culture and sensitivity test were performed in microbiology laboratory.Result: Clinical and microbiological recovery for chloramfenicol and gentamicin were 43.5% (p = 0.832) and 52.2% (p = 0.670) respectively. The most frequent bacteria on infant dacryocistitis were Staphylococcus aureus (45.7%) followed by Pseudomonas (21.7%), Enterobacter sp (17.4%), Escherichia coli (10.9%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.3%). The sensitivity of bacteria against chloramfenicol and gentamicin was Staphylococcus aureus 57.1%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 50%, Enterobacter sp 87.5%, Escherichia coli 40% and Staphylococcus epidermidis 100%.Conclusion: There is no significant different between chloramfenicol and gentamicin in dacryocistitis (Sains Medika, 3(2):105-111).
This research is aim to identify the small medium enterprise behavior pattern in the financial decision specially on investment, saving and consumption; to measure financial literacy and to measure the contribution of authority institution in customer financial education. This research is the descriptive analysis and used survey technique. The results showed that consumption behavior pattern is less than 60% from their income is used to consume; all respondents agree that they are take their saving with special appropriation from their income; 97,66% respondens choose that saving account as the first priority to invest their fund and 97% respondent choose to invest land/houses/property if they have more money. Financial literacy level are not literate 36%, less literate 28%, sufficient literate 27% dan well literate 9%. The last research finding is that the contribution of the authority institution is low, the society less literate about the financial institution and their products.
Backaround : The acute pain occurs after wound could depress the immune function that leads to the inhibition of the wound healing processes. Local anestetic which has a long duration effect such as levobupivacain could be used to relief the pain so that protect the depression of immune function. Activation of macrophage can promote the T cell to produce IL-10.
Ob'ective : To compare the 11,-10 secretion between levobupivakain tread and non levobupivacain on the tissue surround the wound.
Methode : This laboratoric experimental study was designed with randomized post test only control group method. Thirty five female rats were randomly devided in to three groups. Control group (K), Non-Levobupivacain infiltration group (P1) and Levobupivakain infiltration group (P2). No incision and no infiltration in K group. Two cm of skin incision was perfomed to P1 and P2. After the incision, Levobupivacain infiltration were given every 8 hours for 24
hours to the P2 group. No levobupivacain was given to the first group. On day 1st,2nd:th
the rats were sacrified and the tissue surround the wound were taken for
immunohistochemistry stainning. The IL-10 secretion were analyzed for histologic scoring. Kruskal Wallis Test, Marm-Whitney Test were used for statistic analysis
Result : It was demonstrated in this study that the histologic score of IL-10 of the levobupivacain treated group (group 2) was signicicantly higher than group 1 (without levobupivacain) in 2fid day (mean 5.36±1.25 vs 3 00 ±2 11 respectively, p=0,023 ; p<0,05).
Conclusion : The IL-10 secretion was significanly higher in levobupivacain treated group than non levobupivacain group on the tissue surround the wound
Latar belakang : Nyeri menyebabkan peningkatan hormon glukokortikoid yang memperlama penyembuhan luka. Transmisi nyeri dapat dihambat dengan obat anestesi lokal levobupivakain. Terapi ini akan mengurangi supresi imunitas seluler sehingga fungsi makrofag dalam membantu aktifasi sel T tidak terhambat. Aktifasi sel T ini diduga akan meningkatkan sekresi IL-10.
Tu'uan Membandingkan sekresi IL-10 di jaringan sekitar luka dengan dan tanpa infiltrasi levobupivakain.
Metode : Dilakukan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan disain Randomized Post test only control group design, pada tigapuluh lima ekor tikus Wistar. Kelompok penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok secara acak, Kelompok Kontrol (K) lima ekor, Perlakuan 1 (P1) dan Perlakuan 2 (P2) masing-masing limabelas ekor. Kelompok Kontrol, tikus tanpa insisi dan tanpa infiltrasi. Kelompok P1, tikus yang dilakukan insisi 2 cm, tanpa diberikan infiltrasi levobupivakain, Kelompok P2, tikus yang dilakukan insisi 2 cm, diberikan infiltrasi levobupivakain tiap 8 jam selama 24 jam. Ekspresi IL-10 di sekitar luka insisi dinilai dengan skor histologi dari preparat dengan menggunakan pengecatan secara imunohistokimia, yang diambil dari biopsi jaringan pada hari ke 1,2 dan 3. Metode perhitungan statistik menggunakan Kntslcal Wallis Test dilajutkan Mann-Whitney Test.
Hasa : Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada jaringan insisi rerata skor histologi IL-10 pada kelompok levobupivakain lebih tinggi (5.36±1.25) dibanding kelompok tanpa levobupivakain (3 00 ±2 11) pada hari ke dua. Perhitungan statistik antara kedua kelompok tanpa levobupivakain dan dengan kelompok levobupivakain berbeda bermakna (p-1.023 ; p<0.05).
Kesimpulan Sekresi IL-10 di jaringan sekitar luka dengan infiltrasi
levobupivalcain lebih tinggi dibanding tanpa levobupivakain pada hari kedua.
Background: DKI Jakarta reports about 5,000 annual deaths from heart disease, disasters, accidents, and other causes. Ambulance demand has risen, especially for COVID-19 cases that require quick medical attention. In 2022, the average emergency response time was 21-30 minutes. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the response time of PSC 119 ambulances to minimize impacts. Aims: This study uses the Lean Six Sigma methodology to analyze the factors contributing to prolonged response times in emergency ambulance services. Methods: This study used a mixed-method approach based on the DMAI (define, measure, analyze, and improve). The data were collected through observations, document reviews, and in-depth interviews. Results: The results showed that the average duration of ambulance services was 4 hours and 30 minutes. The identified inefficiencies include software issues with the Nusantara app, staff fatigue, and license renewals, difficult access for ambulance and URC units, delays from call center staff awaiting family decisions, closely located posts leading to fewer cases per post, community-initiated patient movements, challenges in finding suitable referral hospitals for special cases, and slow response times from referral hospitals. Conclusion: The recommended improvements include using a kaizen board, conducting expert training, promoting the Integrated Referral System or Sistem Informasi Rujukan Terintegrasi (SISRUTE), and revising standard operating procedures. Keywords: ambulance services, Public Safety Center 119, Lean Six Sigma
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown a great promise for nanofluidic-based applications such as for separation membranes. Water confined in nanotubes has different properties compared with those in bulk. Therefore, to develop a membrane with CNTs, it is very important to clarify the behavior of water in CNTs. In this study, we show effects of an electric field on water in a CNT by molecular dynamics simulation. An electric field aligns the dipole moment of water molecules and induces formation of an ordered structure in a CNT. As a result, the electrostatic interaction between water molecules within the structure becomes stronger. Strengthening of the electrostatics interaction facilitates water molecules preferring to fill a CNT over alcohol molecules. This indicates a strong separation effect for water-alcohol solutions.
ABSTRAK
Banyak negara sedang mengalami banyak perubahan di bidang ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh Covid-19 yang membuat perekonomian tidak stabil. Perusahaan yang mengalami dampak dari pandemi ini dapat terus melanjutkan usaha meskipun pengalami penurunan. Untuk meminimalkan biaya sumber daya manusia perusahaan harus memilih karyawan dengan kinerja yang baik dan memiliki skills yang sesuai dengan perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hardskill terhadap kinerja karyawan PT.Solindo Tama Jaya, pengaruh softskill terhadap kinerja karyawan PT.Solindo Tama Jaya, pengaruh hardskill dan softskill terhadap kinerja karyawan PT.Solindo Tama Jaya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan asosiatif. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian eksplanasi. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumalah 93 karyawan dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Penelitian ini dikategorikan dalam penelitian survey dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dengan menggunakan uji validitas, uji realiabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji F, koefisien korelasi (R), dan koefisien determinasi (R2). Hasil uji regresi linier berganda bahwa uji t secara parsial hardskill berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dibuktikan dengan thitung 6,640 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 , softskill berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dibuktikan dengan thitung 2,716 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,008 , dan uji F dibuktikan dengan hasil hardskill dan softskill berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai Fhitung 29,394 dengan signifikansi 0,000. Nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0.629 atau 62,9% dan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.382 atau 38,2%.
Kata kunci : Hardskill, Softskill, Kinerja Karyawan
Combustion of biodiesel required complex analysis because it is composed of multicomponent constituents. The use of additives in biodiesel is an option widely used to improve the combustion performance of the fuel blend. The droplet combustion characteristics of single compounds of biodiesel and vegetable oil constituents with ethanol additives were investigated under normal gravity at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This study reveals the different combustion mechanisms and their interactions with ethanol between laurate and oleate as the base fuel. Ethanol breaks the base fuel into smaller molecular aggregates, reducing the fuel blend density with many larger gaps between the clusters. Thermal expansion and child droplet ejection are key mechanisms that effectively increase the total droplet surface area, causing an increase in the diffusion contact between the fuel vapor and the air. Three mechanisms of child droplet ejection occur during the heating phase until the microexplosive combustion phase. The period of child droplet ejection during the microexplosive combustion phase is determined by the difference in the boiling point and the level of solubility between the base fuel and ethanol. The addition of ethanol increases the burning rate of the fuel mixture with a higher peak temperature in the laurate-ethanol blend compared to the base fuel. Ethanol plays an important role in delaying the start of evaporative cooling with a significant temperature increase rate. This behavior is an effective mechanism to initiate droplet combustion with a short ignition delay time.
In this work, the effects of geometry transition of the upstream channel on the performance of an undershot water wheel were investigated. For that purpose, we carried out experiments using an undershot water wheel model with a diameter of Ø=480 mm, the width of l=100 mm, the number of blades of 12, and the radius of blade curvature of R=170 mm, which was installed on a flow channel with the width of 250 mm. The upstream channel was modified by installing flow guides with different entry angles (α=30o, α=45o, and α=60o), and their effects were investigated by measuring the mechanical power of the water wheel and capturing the flow pattern at the upstream of the water wheel, under the flow rates of Q=10 l/s and Q=14 l/s. The experimental results show that the higher the flow rate, the stronger the effects of the flow guides on the performance of the water wheel. Under the considered experimental conditions, the highest performance was achieved for the flow guide with entry angles of α=30o at the flow rate of Q=14 l/s, for which the water wheel produces mechanical power of 22 Watt with an efficiency of 40,37%. It can be observed that the flow guide with the gradual transition (lower entry angle) introduces a more uniform flow pattern that results in a higher water wheel performance, while the flow guide with the sharp transition (higher entry angle) introduces the crossing flow pattern that reduces the performance of the water wheel.
LD50 determination in toxoplasma gondi infection in balb/c mice , LD50 is a merker of virulence which is reflects degree of microorganism pathogenecity. LD50 of every pathogens to be used should be determined in order to chose an appropiate infective dose of agents under the study. Toxoplasma gondii RH strain has been maintained in the laboratory by serial passage in mice for several years, in which the biologic and laboratory conditions might has an effect an its virulence. The objective of this study was to determine LD50 of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain used for research in Biotechnology Laboratry Gajah Mada University. The design of the study was true experiment consisting three groups of 10 female balb/c mice aged 8-10 weeks that were infected with 10₁,10₃ and 10₆ of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain/mice respectively, and being followed up to day 18. Homogeneity of mice before infection were analyzed by Levence statistic, while effects of infection was analyzed by Anova. The number of ded mice in each group were recorded and LD50 was calculated base on proportional distance. There was no weight difference between group of mice before infection. The weight increased up to day 6 in group 1 and II, while group III after day 3 there was weight decrease. LD50 of Toxoplasma gondii was 1.39x10₃ which belonged to genotype 11 of pathogenicity classification. LD50 of Toxoplasma gondii was 1.39x10₃which is lower than ariginal RH strain, and belonged to group II of genotype, which is often reported as the major canse of human and animal infection.
Abstract Natural resources carbonization doping using heavy atom is the common method to synthesize organic electrocatalyst for waste to hydrogen energy conversion. This study provides one-step solution to synthesize organic electrocatalyst using enzymatic protein of Lumbricus Rubellus . L,Rubellus extract and its combination with graphite flakes in powder form are tested as electrocatalyst for instant noodle wastewater electrolysis and pre-hydrolyzed instant noodle wastewater by direct mixing. Pre-hydrolysis has doubled the hydrogen production rate for each tested catalyst. Lumbricus Rubellus extract without graphite flake mix performs better in pre-hydrolyzed wastewater. Graphite flakes form polar substrates in pre-hydrolyzed wastewater. Positive substrates inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction of pre-hydrolyzed wastewater by electron deposition. Negative substrate inactivates L,Rubellus protein due to competitive inhibition.
