Abstract Objectives. Members of the SOX family's subgroup C include SOX4, whose high expression has been linked to carcinogenesis and the development of cancer. However, it is still unclear exactly how SOX4 functions in hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC). Our research's objective was to discover how SOX4 affected HPC's development, migration, and prognosis. Methods. The expression levels of SOX4 and Ki-67 in tissues were examined by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) to analyze their relationship with prognosis in this study. Changes in SOX4 gene transcript levels and protein expression levels in HPC cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Cell biology and molecular assays, as well as in vivo nude mice cancer experiments, were used to evaluate the effects of SOX4 on the viability, proliferation, and migration of Fadu cells in vitro and in vivo. Results. In HPC samples, SOX4 was considerably overexpressed, and our investigation demonstrated that this overexpression was connected with differentiation ( P = 0.002), clinical stage ( P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis ( P < 0.001), tumor size ( P = 0.006) and poor survival ( P = 0.012). Moreover, knockdown of SOX4 can inhibit the proliferation, reduce their migration, and promote the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in HPC cells. SOX4 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vivo experiments. Conclusions. These findings collectively show that SOX4 promotes HPC migration and progression both in vitro and in vivo, and may be a prognostic marker for HPC patients.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive dilatation of the vascular wall occurring below the aortic fissure, preferably occurring below the renal artery. The molecular mechanism of AAA has not yet been elucidated. In the past few decades, research on abdominal aortic aneurysm has been mainly focused on the vessel wall, and it is generally accepted that inflammation and middle layer fracture of the vessel wall is the core steps in the development of AAA. However, perivascular adipose tissue plays a non-negligible role in the occurrence and development of AAA. The position of PVAT plays a supporting and protective role on the vascular wall, but the particularity of the location makes it not only have the physiological function of visceral fat; but also can regulate the vascular function by secreting a large number of adipokines and cytokines. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is getting higher and higher, with a vascular rupture, low rescue success rate, and extremely high lethality rate. At present, there is no drug to control the progression or reverse abdominal aortic aneurysm. Therefore, it is critical to deeply explore the mechanism of abdominal aortic aneurysms and find new therapeutic ways to inhibit abdominal aortic aneurysm formation and disease progression. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is mainly characterized by inflammation of the vessel wall and matrix metalloprotein degradation. In this review, we mainly focus on the cytokines released by the perivascular adipose tissue, summarize the mechanisms involved in the regulation of abdominal aortic aneurysms, and provide new research directions for studying abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular disease and an important cause of death. Moreover, endothelial cells (ECs) injury is an early pathophysiological feature of CAD, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can modulate gene expression. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of CAD, especially by regulating ECs. In this review, we summarize the novel progress of lncRNA-modulated ECs in the pathogenesis of CAD, including ECs proliferation, migration, adhesion, angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. Thus, as lncRNAs regulate ECs in CAD, lncRNAs will provide ideal and novel targets for the diagnosis and drug therapy of CAD.
Abstract Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare subtype of non–small cell lung cancer with poor prognosis. It often metastasizes to lymph nodes, bone, adrenal gland, liver, and brain. Herein, we present a case of a pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with epiglottis and ileum metastasis detected by 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Lymphoma or multiple primary cancers with or without regional node metastasis were suspected. Ultimately, histopathology after biopsy revealed pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma with epiglottic and ileum metastases. Our case highlights the unique advantages of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in searching for the unsuspected metastasis.
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