Abstract Background and Aims Stool DNA testing is an emerging and attractive option for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We previously evaluated the feasibility of a stool DNA (sDNA) test of methylated SDC2 for CRC detection. The aim of this study was to assess its performance in a multicenter clinical trial setting. Methods Each participant was required to undergo a sDNA test and a reference colonoscopy. The sDNA test consists of quantitative assessment of methylation status of SDC2 promoter. Results of real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR were dichotomized as positive and negative, and the main evaluation indexes were sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value. All sDNA tests were performed and analyzed independently of colonoscopy. Results Among the 1110 participants from three clinical sites analyzed, 359 and 38 were diagnosed, respectively, with CRC and advanced adenomas by colonoscopy. The sensitivity of the sDNA test was 301/359 (83.8%) for CRC, 16/38 (42.1%) for advanced adenomas, and 134/154 (87.0%) for early stage CRC (stage I–II). Detection rate did not vary significantly according to age, tumor location, differentiation, and TNM stage, except for gender. The follow-up testing of 40 postoperative patients with CRC returned negative results as their tumors had been surgically removed. The specificity of the sDNA test was 699/713 (98.0%), and unrelated cancers and diseases did not seem to interfere with the testing. The kappa value was 0.84, implying an excellent diagnostic consistency between the sDNA test and colonoscopy. Conclusion Noninvasive sDNA test using methylated SDC2 as the exclusive biomarker is a clinically viable and accurate CRC detection method. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Chi-CTR-TRC-1900026409, retrospectively registered on October 8, 2019; http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=43888&htm=4 .
Objective:To investigate the improvement effect on its learning ability by enriched environmental stimulation training to infant rats that were born in low-iodine condition.Methods: To offer enriched environmental stimulation training to infant rats at the end of critical period of its brain development (30th day after birth), and determine SCCE, brain wet weight, protein and DNA contents indexes in cerebral and cerebellum.Results: The determination of conditional avoidance learning indicates: The establishment of consolidatory conditioned reflex (CR)advanced, Total time of experiment and Latent period Non-conditioned reflex (NCR) shorten.The learning ability ameliorate significantly compared with low-iodine rats, as a result, ratio of learning ability crouching only 33.3%, markedly lower than the group without any training (68.7%).However comparation between the two groups showed that no significant difference between the indexes of brain wet weight, protein and DNA contents in cerebral and cerebellum. Conclusion: Although the lagging of brain development of Critim disease is irreversible,nurture enriched environment stimulation training can partly correct its behavior deficits,and also enhance its learning ability.
Objective To investigate the current state of defecation function training compliance of patients undergoing anus-preserving operation for low rectal cancer and its influential factors to provide basis for nurses to define the targeted object, put forward the compliance measures, strengthen patients' management ability of defecation after the operation so as to improve their life quality.Methods Two hundred and nine patients who underwent anus-preserving operation for low rectal cancer were investigated by Social Support Questionnaire and Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Self-designed Questionnaire for obtaining the general state of their defecation function training compliance and its influential factors.Results The training compliance vas poor after low rectalcancer patienes(full compliance rate is 32.5%);There were statistically significant diffenences in defecation function trainning compliance of patients with different characteristics(except gender projects). Factors influencing the training included anastomotic locations, anxiety level, activity of daily living, depression level, pain and family support, complications, and education level(r=0.58,0.58,0.15,0.16,0.36,0.32,0.33,0.46,P<0.05), which had a decreasing relationship with training compliance(OR 3.21~1.23,P<0.05).Conclusions Defecation function training compliance of patients undergoing anus-preserving operation for low rectal cancer was influenced by a variety of factors;therefore, nurses should administer the targeted nursing based on their circumstance to enhance their bowel movement control and improve their quality of life.
Key words:
Low rectal cancer; Anus-preserving operation; Compliance; Fecal incontinence; Influential factors
To establish a human lung cancer cell line expressing human interferon-gamma.The full-length gene of human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was introduced into the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 through retroviral vector pLXSN. The established cell line A549-IFN-gamma was tested for expression of MHC class I and class II by flow cytometer (FCM) and tested for expression of IFN-gamma by enzyme-lined immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA ). The tumorigenesis of cell line A549-IFN-gamma was tested on nude mice.A high level of IFN-gamma protein was detected in the culture supernatants of cell line A549-IFN-gamma. The expressions of MHC class I and class II on A549-IFN-gamma cells increased significantly (P<0.01), when compared with parental cell line A549. However, there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between the growth of cell line A549-IFN-gamma and A549. Finally, the tumorigenesis test showed that A549-IFN-gamma had lower tumorigenetic effects than A549.The results indicate that introduction of human IFN-gamma gene into cell line A549 could increase its immunogenicity and decrease its tumorigenesis. With the established cell line A549-IFN-gamma, a tumor vaccine for human lung cancer may be developed.
Functional constipation is a disease characterized by difficulty in defecation, reduced frequency of defecation, or a feeling of incomplete defecation, and does not meet the diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome.The incidence rate of the disease is high and the treatment is difficult, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Traditional treatment is mainly based on cathartic drugs, but long-term use can cause colon melanosis, intestinal nerve function damage, patient drug tolerance, and other issues, and the treatment effect is not satisfactory.The pathogenesis of functional constipation is complex, and recent studies have shown that it may be related to intestinal flora imbalance, mainly manifested by a decrease in specific anaerobic bacteria and an increase in some harmful bacteria and fungi.Fecal bacteria transplantation is a new type of special organ transplantation, which promotes intestinal peristalsis by reconstructing the structure of intestinal flora.This article reviews the mechanism of occurrence and development of fecal bacteria transplantation in the treatment of functional constipation, providing an effective reference for further clinical application of fecal bacteria transplantation.
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