In today's society of highly developed science and technology, equipment can be introduced in great numbers, technology easily transferred, funds quickly circulated in the world wide scope,while only system must be created by ourselves. Therefore, it is of great theoretical value and realistic importance to study the value formation of human resources, and measure it reasonably so as to affirm the equity of human resources and establish a corresponding income distributing system.
This paper examines the incentive effects of managerial ownership on operating performance of listed companies before and after the non-tradable share reform based on 1282 listed companies of the balance of panel data 2002-2010 in China.The paper also tests whether equity division reform is an important system for the improvement of the environment management holding business performance influence.The result finds that before the non-tradable share reform,the financial performance of companies that have implemented managerial ownership incentive is not significantly different from control samples that have not.After the non-tradable share reform,their operating performance is significantly higher than those of control samples.This shows that the improvement of the system environment enhances the influence of management holdings of listed companies to the operating performance.
In X-ray imaging system, with the change of parameters in material quality, volume, object distance and else of the target objects, manual adjustments of tube voltage and tube current are often needed to get ideal imaging results. Whereas human interventions are often subjective that cannot meet the automation development of X-ray detection system. In view of the above problems, a method for objective quality evaluation in images which is based on weighted local entropy is presented in the paper. Parameters adaptive adjustment in X-ray detection system can be based on this method. The validity of the approach is proved by experiment and comparative analysis with the traditional image quality evaluation function.
Based on the data of CGSS2008,this paper converts the self-assessed health into cardinal ill health score.Centralized index and decomposition method will be employed to analyze the income-related health inequality and the determinants of china urban and rural residents.The main conclusion is that there is pro-rich inequality in health in both urban and rural areas.Income plays a crucial role in health inequality.Income contribution to inequality of health,respectively,is 60% and 37%.Other factors contributing positively to the health inequality of urban residents are employment status,age,education,etc;for rural residents,are the distances to the town,regional variables,population aged 60 and above.In order to reduce the health inequality,the government should make the great effort to strengthen policy implementation in improving the income distribution,promoting education equality and extending health insurance coverage for the vulnerable groups.
This research was based on primary data collected through well designed and pre-tested questionnaire, to determine awareness of farmers on extension methods used by ADP in Kano state of Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used, in which three local governments were randomly selected. Secondly, three wards one each from the selected local governments (Danbatta, Gaya and Madobi) were randomly selected. Thirdly, three villages (one from each ward) were selected. The total number of sample respondent was 120 (40 farming households from each village). The data collected were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The Result reveals that, majority of the farmers interviewed are 35 years of age and below and 105 out of 120 farmers can read and write. The result further revealed that 57% of them have attended educational level up to senior secondary school while only 7% had post-secondary education. Furthermore, 67% of the respondents had 15years and below farming experience. However, 32% of the respondents had no contact with extension while 68% had contact with extension service. Accordingly, the farmers ranked radio as first extension methods, followed by farm and home visit. Regression analysis indicated that contact with extension personnel influenced effectiveness of extension service. Finally, to satisfy their need, farmers should be involved in planning and implementation of extension service.
Based on consumer's perspective, the influences of logistics service quality on customer satisfaction were empirically studied in order to clarify the key logistical factors affecting consumer's satisfaction. An empirical method is used to investigate the factors in E-commerce logistics service quality that influence customer satisfaction. The results indicate that delivery service quality, after-sales service quality and staff service quality have positive impacts on customer satisfaction; the influence of communication service quality on customer satisfaction is not significant.
The digital economy has promoted the income growth of rural residents in China, but it has also widened the income gap within rural areas. The excessive income gap will lead to the uneven distribution of social resources and the decline of efficiency, thus threatening the sustainable development of the rural economy. This study utilizes the ‘Circumstances-Efforts’ analytical framework, the skill-biased technology change theory, and data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018 to examine the impact of digital literacy on income growth among rural residents and the resulting income gap within rural areas. The findings indicate that digital literacy positively contributes to the income growth of rural residents. Moreover, the mechanism analysis reveals that improved access to digital devices and more effective information play a significant role in enhancing the income of rural residents. Furthermore, the analysis of income structures demonstrates that digital literacy has a greater impact on increasing wage income and agricultural income for both high-income and low-income rural residents. However, it is important to note that digital literacy also contributes to the widening income gap within rural areas, particularly impacting high-income rural residents.
This study was conducted based on primary data collected using a questionnaire. A total of 90 respondents among farmers associations were interviewed in Kano state of Nigeria. Therefore, double stage stratified and purposive simple random sampling technique was used to select 30 respondents in each of three (3) farmers associations, one from each of the three (3) agricultural zones of the state. The data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics. The result revealed that 67% of the farmers were 45years old and below and 79% were literate. Furthermore, 47% joined the association with an aim of contributing to community development while 46% joined for receiving an assistance for farming. Additionally, 57% and 60% required and received agricultural marketing information on production aspect respectively. 71% described extension agents as a source of information. Long distance from source and poor access to communication network was the major problems limiting access to agricultural marketing information
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