Sa Li

Tongji University

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Ju Li

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Yunhui Huang

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Hui Xu

Changzhou University

Jia‐Hu Ouyang

Harbin Institute of Technology

Huimin Fan

West China Hospital of Sichuan University

Zhan‐Guo Liu

Harbin Institute of Technology

Yue Yu

Institute of Modern Physics

Mengwen Jiang

Tongji University

Can Zhang

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Yuheng Zheng

Wuhan University of Technology

Cooperative Institutions

Tongji University

Chinese Academy of Sciences

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Institute of Modern Physics

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Materials Science & Engineering

University of Science and Technology of China

Harbin Institute of Technology

Sichuan University

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Ultralean Electrolyte Li-S Battery by Avoiding Gelation Catastrophe

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2022)

Li Wang Yong Xie Xiaoqun Qi Ruining Jiang Kai Huang

Due to the poor electronic conductivity of solid sulfur and sulfides, the dissolution of Sα- (α = 0, 2/8, 2/6, 2/4) into a liquid electrolyte and the vehicular diffusion of Sα- to carbon black are necessary for the electrochemical activity of a sulfur cathode in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, exactly how much dissolution and diffusion are required for high sulfur utilization and how this may control the minimum electrolyte/sulfur ratio, (E/S)min, have not been quantitatively settled. In this work, we show experimentally that a dissolved polysulfide concentration which is too high (>10-20 MS) may gel the liquid electrolyte, leading to catastrophic loss of Sα- mobility, a failure mode that is especially susceptible in a high-donor-number (DN) electrolyte under a lean condition (low E/S), similar to a traffic jam, resulting in high electrochemical polarization and low sulfur utilization. In contrast, we show that a low-DN electrolyte, even with a low polysulfide solubility of 0.1-0.5 MS, will never encounter a gelation catastrophe even at extremely low E/S, leading to unprecedentedly high energy density. Specifically, high sulfur utilizations of 96% (1600 mAh g-1) and 78% (1300 mAh g-1) are reached in an electrolyte as lean as E/S = 2 and 1 μL mg-1 Li-S coin cells when DME1.6LiFSI-HFE of low solvation capability (DN = 13.9) is adopted, even paired against a high-sulfur-loading cathode (5 mg cm-2).

Polysulfide

Lithium–sulfur battery

10.1021/acsami.2c10906

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Investigation of PoP package structure with copper pillar replace the solder ball

Zhicheng Yang Sa Li Xin Gu Dali Huang

Package on Package (PoP) is a widely used high density package solution for package stacking technology in various device applications. Normally, the top package will connect to the bottom package by solder ball with several hundred micrometer diameter. The I/O number will be limited due to the solder ball will collapse during the reflow. In this study, a copper pillar with diameter of 200μm and height of 150-180μm will be used to replace the solder ball. With the structure of copper pillar, only a very small volume of solder will be used for the joint to connect the top and bottom package. In this paper, the finite element Modeling (FEM) simulation will be used to calculate the temperature distribution in the new PoP package with copper pillar. Also, the Cu pillar/solder joint microstructure evolution will be studied in several reliability tests, including 500 cycles temperature cycling test (TCT) and high temperature storage test (HTST) at 150°C with 500h.

Package on package

Ball (mathematics)

Pillar

Chip-scale package

Ball grid array

10.1109/icept.2015.7236666

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Sn‐Alloy Foil Electrode with Mechanical Prelithiation: Full‐Cell Performance up to 200 Cycles

Advanced Energy Materials (2019)

Hui Xu Sa Li Xinlong Chen Can Zhang Wenjian Liu

Abstract Self‐supporting Sn foil is a promising high‐volumetric‐capacity anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), but it suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Here, mechanical prelithiation is adopted to improve ICE, and it is found that Sn foils with coarser grains are prone to cause electrode damage. To mitigate damage and prepare thinner lithiated electrodes, 3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn foil is used that has more refined grains (5–10 µm) instead of Sn (50–100 µm), where the abundant grain boundaries (GBs) offer more sliding systems to release stress and reduce deep fractures. Thus, the thickness of Li x 3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn can be reduced to 50 µm, compared to 100 µm Li x Sn. When the foils contact open air, the Sn‐Li‐O(H) products are more stable than Li‐O(H), thus Li x 3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn shows outstanding air stability. The as‐prepared 50 µm foil anode achieves stable 200 cycles in LiFePO 4 //Li x 3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn full cell (≈2.65 mAh cm −2 ) and the capacity retention is 95%. Even at 5C, the capacity of Li x 3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn is still up to ≈1.8 mAh cm −2 . The cycle life of NCM523//Li x 3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn full cell exceeds that of NCM523//Li. Furthermore, 70 µm Li x 3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn is used as double‐sided anode for a 3 cm × 2.8 cm pouch cell and its actual volumetric capacity density is 674 mAh cm −3 after 50 cycles.

10.1002/aenm.201902150

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Sustainable Prelithiation Strategy: Enhancing Energy Density and Lifespan with Ultrathin Li‐Mg‐Al Alloy Foil

Advanced Energy Materials (2024)

Xinlong Chen Fangzhou Yang Can Zhang Wang Wan Ganxiong Liu

Abstract Prelithiation is a well‐established strategy for enhancing battery energy density. However, traditional prelithiation approaches have primarily addressed compensating for the initial active lithium loss (ALL) while overlooking the ALL during extended cycling. In response, a novel method is introduced by increasing the prelithiation degree and pre‐storing stable LiC x within the anode. This innovation facilitates sustainable lithium replenishment, resulting in a significant improvement in battery cycle life and energy density. Moreover, challenges associated with using pure Li foils to realize this strategy in contact prelithiation are revealed, such as difficulties in thinning to less than 5 µm, and the loss of the electronic pathway during prelithiation, resulting in low lithium utilization rates and numerous residues. Additionally, the significantly accelerated capacity fading caused by these residues, typically emerging after hundreds of cycles, has been overlooked. To overcome these challenges, an ultrathin Li‐Mg‐Al alloy foil is developed with significantly improved mechanical properties and delithiation behavior. During prelithiation, the 96Li2Mg2Al alloy maintains a complete film structure with numerous micropores, avoiding randomly distributed debris. This structure ensures high utilization, unimpeded electronic pathways, and efficient electrolyte filtration. By employing a 5‐µm 96Li2Mg2Al foil for sustainable prelithiation, a substantial improvement in energy density is achieved and tripled the battery's lifespan.

Energy density

10.1002/aenm.202304097

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Cryogenic Mechanical Prelithiation Reduces Porosity and Improves Battery Performance of an Alloy Foil Anode

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2022)

Na Liang Hui Xu Huimin Fan Zhengzheng Li Sa Li

Anode prelithiation could dramatically improve the initial Coulombic efficiency and battery life. Roll-to-roll mechanical prelithiation (MP) is an attractive option for achieving prelithiation in minutes. While our previous work on metallic-foil prelithiation revealed that an external pressure is necessary to achieve MP in a timely fashion, too high an applied pressure will cause severe damages in the form of porosity and cracking. Thus, gentler MP under smaller pressure, and surprisingly, cryogenic temperatures, while prepositioning prolific grain boundaries as lithium diffusion paths is critical. To this end, first, we developed an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) method to refine the grain size of Sn-5Sb foil for denser grain boundaries. After ARB of 12 cycles (ARB-12), the grain size of Sn-5Sb foil decreased from 20-50 to 0.5-1.5 μm. Then, MP was performed under a mild condition of 0.5 MPa and -20 °C. Thereby, the porosity of prelithiated ARB-12 was reduced to 1.8% from thickness measurement, significantly minimizing the prelithiation damage. As a result, due to grain refinement, we achieved lower interface impedance and better rate performance. The ARB-12 Sn-5Sb foil with a proper prelithiation design exhibited 180 and 110 stable cycles when pairing with commercial LFP and NCM811 cathodes. Furthermore, it also depletes less electrolyte and keeps higher capacity retention under -10 °C than that of the graphite anode.

10.1021/acsami.1c24704

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Electronic structure and hydrogen desorption in NaAlH4

Sa Li P. Jena C. Moysés Araújo Rajeev Ahuja

Hydrogen is abundant, uniformly distributed throughout the Earth's surface and its oxidation product (water) is environmentally benign. Owing to these features, it is considered as an ideal synthetic fuel for a new world energetic matrix (renewable, secure and environmentally friendly) that could allow a sustainable future development. However, for this prospect to become a reality, efficient ways to produce, transport and store hydrogen still need to be developed. In the present thesis, theoretical studies of a number of potential hydrogen storage materials have been performed using density functional theory. In NaAlH4 doped with 3d transition metals (TM), the hypothesis of the formation of Ti-Al intermetallic alloy as the main catalytic mechanism for the hydrogen sorption reaction is supported. The gateway hypothesis for the catalysis mechanism in TM-doped MgH2 is confirmed through the investigation of MgH2 nano-clusters. Thermodynamics of Li-Mg-N-H systems are analyzed with good agreement between theory and experiments. Besides chemical hydrides, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have also been investigated. Li-decorated MOF-5 is demonstrated to possess enhanced hydrogen gas uptake properties with a theoretically predicted storage capacity of 2 wt% at 300 K and low pressure.The metal-hydrogen systems undergo many structural and electronic phase transitions induced by changes in pressure and/or temperature and/or H-concentration. It is important both from a fundamental and applied viewpoint to understand the underlying physics of these phenomena. Here, the pressure-induced structural phase transformations of NaBH4 and ErH3 were investigated. In the latter, an electronic transition is shown to accompany the structural modification. The electronic and optical properties of the low and high-pressure phases of crystalline MgH2 were calculated. The temperature-induced order-disorder transition in Li2NH is demonstrated to be triggered by Li sub-lattice melting. This result may contribute to a better understanding of the important solid-solid hydrogen storage reactions that involve this compound.

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Preparation and Improved Grain Conductivity of (Sm[sub 1−x]Y[sub x])[sub 2]Zr[sub 2]O[sub 7] Ceramics

Journal of The Electrochemical Society (2010)

Xiao‐Liang Xia Jia‐Hu Ouyang Zhan‐Guo Liu Shuai Gao Sa Li

ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction process at 1973 K for 10 h in air. ceramics have a single phase of the pyrochlore-type structure, whereas exhibit a defective fluorite-type structure. The full width at half-maxima in the Raman spectra increase with increasing Y content, which indicates that the degree of structural disorder increases as the yttrium content increases. The electrical conductivity of ceramics was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy over a frequency range of 1 Hz to 20 MHz in the temperature range of 623–1173 K in air and hydrogen atmospheres. The electrical conductivity of obeys the Arrhenius-type behavior and increases with increasing temperature. The grain conductivity and total conductivity of pyrochlore-type materials are clearly higher than those of defective fluorite-type materials in the intermediate temperature range of 623–1073 K. Both activation energy and pre-exponential factor for grain conductivity increase with increasing Y content. The electrical conductivity measured in the reducing atmosphere of hydrogen shows no significant changes, which proves that the conduction is purely ionic with negligible electronic contribution in the series.

Atmospheric temperature range

10.1149/1.3292284

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Citations (21)

Centering Ability of Three Rotary Nickel-titanium Instruments in Simulated Canals:A Comparative Study

Yuan Li Sa Li Shengxing Huang

Nickel titanium

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Gassing in Sn-Anode Sodium-Ion Batteries and Its Remedy by Metallurgically Prealloying Na

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2019)

Wenjian Liu Xinlong Chen Can Zhang Hui Xu Xin Sun

Despite the high theoretical energy densities of tin as the anode of sodium-ion batteries, its electrochemical performance has been plagued by the inadequate initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cycle life. While it is generally believed that mechanical degradation, namely, pulverization and subsequent loss of electrical contact, is the underlying cause, here, we show that gassing is an essential problem in sodium-ion batteries with Sn anode. Since the gas generation appears at a certain voltage, reducing the voltage by metallurgically prealloying Sn with Na could be a solution, with an additional benefit of compensating for "live" Na loss in future cycles. When the metallurgically alloyed foil is used as the anode in Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF)//alloy full cells, the ICE is significantly improved from 24.68 to 75%, and from the 2nd cycle to the 100th cycle, the average Coulombic efficiency can be maintained up to 99.44%. The full cell can run for 100 cycles, with acceptable capacity decay to 81.4 mAh/g(NVPF) from the initial 112.5 mAh/g(NVPF).

Degradation

10.1021/acsami.9b05005

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Citations (51)

Clinically dynamic observation on the deformation process of Protaper rotary files

Journal of Modern Stomatology (2010)

Sa Li

Objective To investigate the damage process of Protaper rotary files.Methods Thirty sets of Protaper rotary files(Dentsply,21mm) were used to prepare bucal canals of upper first molars or mesial canals of lower first molars with Crown-Down method.After preparing each root canals,the file was examined with stereomicroscope.Results The morphological characteristics of files were classified into 3 types: normal,worn and damaged.The files used more,the more worn and damaged presented,especially for S1 and S2.Conclusion S1 and S2 represented more damages than other files in this study.It was recommended that the files should be used less than 5 times in heavily curved or narrow canals,and in this study no more than 13 times.

Stereo microscope

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