This study aims to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides. Dried fruits of star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f. (Austrobaileyales: Schisandraceae)) were extracted with methyl alcohol (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), and petroleum ether (PE) at 25°C. The constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the repellency and contact toxicity of the extracts against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults were tested. Fortyfour compounds, whose concentrations were more than 0.2%, were separated and identified from the MA, EA, and PE extracts. The extraction yields of trans-anethole, the most abundant biologically active compound in I. verum, were 9.7%, 7.5%, and 10.1% in the MA, EA, and PE extracts, respectively. Repellency increased with increasing extract dose. The average repellency rate of the extracts against S. zeamais adults peaked at 125.79 μg/cm2 72 hr after treatment. The percentage repellency of the EA extract reached 76.9%, making it a class IV repellent. Contact toxicity assays showed average mortalities of 85.4% (MA), 94.5% (EA), and 91.1% (PE). The EA extract had the lowest median lethal dose, at 21.2 μg/cm2 72 hr after treatment. The results suggest that I. verum fruit extracts and trans-anethole can potentially be developed as a grain protectant to control stored-product insect pests. Other active constituents in the EA extract merit further research.
Abstract Introduction and objectives The aging population is expected to reach 2 billion by 2050, but the impact of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) on the elderly has been insufficiently addressed. We aimed to clarify the prevalence of SSD in China and to identify physical and psychological differences between the elderly and non-elderly. Methods In this prospective multi-center study, 9020 participants aged (2206 non-elderly adults and 6814 elderly adults) from 105 communities of Shanghai were included (Assessment of Somatic Symptom in Chinese Community-Dwelling People, clinical trial number NCT04815863, registered on 06/12/2020). The Somatic Symptom Scale-China (SSS-CN) questionnaire was used to measure SSD. Depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Results The prevalence of SSD in the elderly was higher than that in the non-elderly (63.2% vs. 45.3%). The elderly suffered more severe SSD (20.4% moderate and severe in elderly vs. 12.0% in non-elderly) and are 1.560 times more likely to have the disorder (95%CI: 1.399–1.739; p < .001) than the non-elderly. Comorbidity of depressive or anxiety disorders was 3.7 times higher than would be expected in the general population. Additionally, the results of adjusted multivariate analyses identified older age, female sex, and comorbid physical diseases as predictive risk factors of SSD in the elderly group. Conclusions With higher prevalence of common physical problems (including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardio/cerebrovascular disease), the elderly in Shanghai are more vulnerable to have SSD and are more likely to suffer from comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. SSD screening should be given more attention in the elderly, especially among older females with several comorbid physical diseases.
Objective To evaluate weather or not carvedilol and metoprolol can improve brain natriuretic peptide( BNP) andexercise tolerance of patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) . Methods All 68 patients were randomly divided into tow groups:thirty-five patients in Carvedilol group,thirty-three patients in metoprolol group,treatment duration for 24 weeks. Blood pressure,plasma BNP levels,echocardiography,and 6-minute walk test distance in the two groups were tested before and after treatment.Results 24 weeks after the treatment,there were statistically differences in plasma BNP levels,echocardiography,and 6-minutewalk test distance compared with those before treatment(P0.05) . There were statistically differences in plasma BNP levels and6-minute walk test distance after treatment (P0.01) . Conclusion Carvedilol and metoprolol were able to reduce plasma BNPlevels,improve exercise tolerance,and carvedilol was more effective than metoprolol in improve exercise tolerance in patients withCHF.
White grubs after winter were treated by socially harmless controlling technologies in different conditions. The result showed that the urea had a obvious controlling effect on it, and its adjusted accumulative mortality rates was 81.35%. The temperature had a significant influence on bacteria and fungi,the effects were not obvious at lower temperature. The Beauveria brongniartii (Bbr) had a higher virulence and the effect at steady temperature was better than at normal temperature.
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a destructive invasive pest and has become one of the most economically-important rice pests in China. Effective control measures are desperately needed. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and B. brongniartii (Saccardo), have shown great potential for the management of some sucking pest species. In this study, to explore alternative strategies for sustainable control of the sucking pest population, nine isolates of Beauveria from different pests were bioassayed under the concentrated standard spray of 1000 conidia/mm2 in laboratory. The cumulative mortalities of adults ranged from 17.2 to 79.1% 10 days after inoculation. The virulence among all tested isolates exhibited significant differences (at p = 0.05). The highest virulent isolate was Bb09, which killed 79.1% of the treated insects and had a median lethal time of 5.5 days. Its median lethal concentration values were estimated as 134 conidia/mm2 on day 10. The chitinase activities of nine isolates were also assayed. The results showed that the chitinase activity (18.7 U/mg) of isolate Bbr09 was the highest among all tested isolates. The biological characteristics of these strains, including growth rate, sporulation, and germination rate, were further investigated. The results showed that strain Bbr09 exhibited the best biological characteristics with relatively higher hyphal growth rate, the highest spore production, and the fastest spore germination. The isolate of Bbr09 had strong pathogenicity and exhibited great potential for sustainable control of N. lugens.
Objective
To study the association between interleukin-2 receptor 2 chain(IL-2RA) rs2104286, one of immume-factor-related genes, and leukocyte differentiation antigen 40 (CD40) rs6074022 gene polymorphism and delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).
Methods
109 DEACMP patients from Han population in Northern Henan Province were selected as the case group, and 115 patients of acute carbon monoxide poisoning without delayed encephalopathy (ACMP) as the control group; rs2104286 and rs6074022 genotypes were determined with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and fluorescence quantitative PCR.The comparison was represented by χ2 test.
Results
⑴In DEACMP group, the rs2104286 genotypes (T/T, T/C, C/C) and alleles (T and C) were 92, 17, 0 and 201, 17, respectively.In contrast to 93, 22, 0 and 208, 22 in ACMP group, no significant difference was noticed (all P>0.05), and the rs6074022 genotypes (C/C, C/T, T/T) and alleles (C and T) were 17, 50, 42 and 84, 134, respectively.In contrast to 15, 52, 48 and 82, 148 in ACMP group, no significant difference was noticed (all P>0.05). ⑵ With regards to gender stratification, the rs2104286 and rs6074022 genotypes and alleles of female patients in both groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05); the rs2104286 and rs6074022 genotypes and alleles of male patients in both groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05). ⑶ No interactions between different genotypes of rs2104286 and rs6074022 and DEACMP occurrence were observed (all P>0.05), which indicated that the above interactions might not impact on the genetic susceptibility of DEACMP.
Conclusion
No evidence has yet shown the association between rs2104286 and rs6074022 gene polymorphism with DEACMP; IL-2RA and CD40 genes as genetic susceptibility genes of DEACMP are not temporarily supported.
Key words:
Carbon monoxide poisoning; Delayed encephalopathy; Interleukin-2 receptor α chain; Leukocyte differentiation antigen 40
This study aims to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides. Dried fruits of star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f. (Austrobaileyales: Schisandraceae)) were extracted with methyl alcohol (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), and petroleum ether (PE) at 25°C. The constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the repellency and contact toxicity of the extracts against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults were tested. Forty-four compounds, whose concentrations were more than 0.2%, were separated and identified from the MA, EA, and PE extracts. The extraction yields of trans-anethole, the most abundant biologically active compound in I. verum, were 9.7%, 7.5%, and 10.1% in the MA, EA, and PE extracts, respectively. Repellency increased with increasing extract dose. The average repellency rate of the extracts against S. zeamais adults peaked at 125.79 µg/cm2 72 hr after treatment. The percentage repellency of the EA extract reached 76.9%, making it a class IV repellent. Contact toxicity assays showed average mortalities of 85.4% (MA), 94.5% (EA), and 91.1% (PE). The EA extract had the lowest median lethal dose, at 21.2 µg/cm2 72 hr after treatment. The results suggest that I. verum fruit extracts and trans-anethole can potentially be developed as a grain protectant to control stored-product insect pests. Other active constituents in the EA extract merit further research.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(144 450 300)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(216 450 300)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(288 450 300)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)