Radiation characteristics of an inductive loaded patch phased array antenna (PAA) are compared to those of a conventional patch PAA. The performance of an inductive loaded patch PAA is significantly improved compared to that of a conventional patch PAA because the mutual coupling between the adjacent inductive loaded patch antennas is very small compared to that between the adjacent conventional patch antennas. The radiation characteristics of an inductive loaded patch PAA show superior performance such as low variations of the main beam gain and sidelobe level over the variation of the main beam direction.
A satellite navigation system makes it simple to find and navigate to a specific position. Although a carrier measurement is required to establish a precise position due to the characteristics of the carrier observation, it is difficult to determine a robust position in a poor signal reception environment such as urban areas. Various studies are being carried out to overcome this problem, with cycle slips being the most important factor. With only a single frequency, it is very challenging to detect cycle slips in multiple satellite channels at the same time. A geometry-based technique is proposed in this study as a technical solution for detecting simultaneous cycle slips for multiple channels utilizing only a single-frequency receiver. The method could detect a half-wavelength size of cycle slip for each channel through the geometry information.
In order to contribute to the knowledge base of heritage tourism and the segmentation literature, this study examined the underlying market segments that exist with regards to the benefits that visitors seek while visiting heritage sites. One hundred ninety-seven surveys were returned, a useable response rate of 29%, from a mailing list made up of individuals seeking tourism information from an urban and a rural area. The results of the data analysis found that 15 survey items representing benefits sought at a heritage site fell into three underlying dimensions: “Escape,” “Social,” and “Education.” Two unique clusters of respondents surfaced from these factors, “Active Benefit Seekers” and “Loners.“ The “Active Benefit Seekers,” although highly educated, were not as educated as “Loners” and virtually always traveled with family and friends. They wanted to escape to a highly social environment that includes an educational theme. The “Loners” were very highly educated and some traveled alone. While interested in educational issues, they had little need to escape daily life and were not interested in meeting new people or being with family and friends. A demographic profile of these segments was also developed.
Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis (XO) is a rare chronic inflammatory bone disease characterized by the presence of cholesterol-laden foam macrophages, histiocytes, and plasma cells. We report the case of a 41-year-old man with end-stage renal disease who had undergone deceased donor kidney transplantation 4 years earlier. He presented with a chest wall mass that he had first identified 2 weeks prior to admission. Computed tomography revealed a periosseous heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue mass adjacent to the sternal end of the left clavicle, accompanied by irregular and destructive osteolytic lesions on the left side of the sternal manubrium. A total mass resection, which included partial clavicle and sternum removal, was performed. Pathological examination revealed foamy histiocytes along with numerous lymphoplasmacytic cells, confirming the diagnosis of XO. This case underscores the potential for XO to develop following kidney transplantation.
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