Metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) treatment is difficult, and effective treatments are urgently needed. We aimed to explore the role of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in UM and provide new therapeutic strategies for UM.
Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) and spironolactone therapy for treating chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: This was a quasi-randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients were quasi-randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive SML or oral spironolactone and were assessed at 3 months after treatment. Results: A total of 84 patients (90 eyes) were randomly assigned to receive SML (n = 45) or spironolactone (n = 39) initially. At last follow-up, 59.5% of patients in the SML group had complete resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) compared to 43.6% in spironolactone group (P = 0.362). The mean visual acuity did not significantly improve between the two groups (0.38 ± 0.44 vs. 0.43 ± 0.43 logMAR). The central retinal thickness was decreased from 335.06 ± 120.25 µm to 222.15 ± 94.90 µm in the SML group and from 308.02 ± 90.69 µm to 257.27 ± 102.28 µm in the spironolactone group. After treatment, subfoveal choroidal thickness, total choroidal area, and stromal and luminal choroidal area were significantly lower in the spironolactone group as compared to the SML group. During the entire visit, the recurrence rate of SRF was 9.1% in the SML group compared to 35.3% in the spironolactone group. Slight adverse events occurred more frequently in the spironolactone group (0% vs. 16%). Conclusions: Both SML and oral spironolactone were effective and safe treatments to ameliorate retinal anatomical structures for chronic CSC. A lower recurrence rate and fewer adverse effects were observed in the SML group, and better choroidal structure recovery was seen in the spironolactone group. Translational Relevance: The investigation of SML and oral spironolactone may inform evidence-based clinical decisions for chronic CSC patients.
Abstract Purpose Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), one of the leading causes of childhood blindness, is a complex condition in which various antenatal and neonatal factors participate at different stages of the disease. This meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate whether pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) was associated with ROP by summarizing all available evidence. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO and SCOPUS databases were searched for all relevant studies published from inception to April 2020. Studies investigating the association between PIH and ROP were included. Results A total of 29 studies were finally included for the meta‐analysis after study selection. The results showed there are both no significant association between PIH and the occurrence of ROP in case–control studies (OR 0.91, 95%CI 0.59 to 1.40, I 2 = 81%, p = 0.67) and cohort studies (OR 1.32, 95%CI 0.89 to 1.98, I 2 = 93%, p = 0.17). The conclusion was same between pre‐eclampsia and ROP (OR 0.82, 95%CI: 0.50 to 1.35, I 2 = 83%, p = 0.43 in case–control studies and OR 1.70, 95%CI: 0.82 to 3.50, I 2 = 95%, p = 0.15 in cohort studies). Conclusion In summary, this meta‐analysis did not reveal a consistent result, the conclusion remains inconclusive, and further studies will be needed to come to a conclusion for the effect of maternal PIH on ROP and foster a better understanding of the prevention of ROP.
The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Leukemia (FACT-Leu) scale, a leukemia-specific instrument for determining the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with leukemia, had been developed and validated, but there have been no reports on the development of a simplified Chinese version of this scale. This is a new exploration to analyze the reliability of the HRQOL measurement using multivariate generalizability theory (MGT). This study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the FACT-Leu scale and evaluate its reliability using MGT to provide evidence to support the revision and improvement of this scale. The Chinese version of the FACT-Leu scale was developed by four steps: forward translation, backward translation, cultural adaptation and pilot-testing. The HRQOL was measured for eligible inpatients with leukemia using this scale to provide data. A single-facet multivariate Generalizability Study (G-study) design was demonstrated to estimate the variance–covariance components and then several Decision Studies (D-studies) with varying numbers of items were analyzed to obtain reliability coefficients and to understand how much the measurement reliability could be vary as the number of items in MGT changes. One-hundred and one eligible inpatients diagnosed with leukemia were recruited and completed the HRQOL measurement at the time of admission to the hospital. In the G-study, the variation component of the patient-item interaction was largest while the variation component of the item was the smallest for the four of five domains, except for the leukemia-specific (LEUS) domain. In the D-study, at the level of domain, the generalizability coefficients (G) and the indexes of dependability (Ф) for four of the five domains were approximately equal to or greater than 0.80 except for the Emotional Well-being (EWB) domain (>0.70 but <0.80). For the overall scale, the composite G and composite Ф coefficients were greater than 0.90. Based on the G coefficient and Ф coefficient, two decision options for revising this scale considering the number of items were obtained: one is a 37-item version while the other is a 45-item version. The Chinese version of the FACT-Leu scale has good reliability as a whole based on the results of MGT and the implementation of MGT could lead to more informed decisions in complex questionnaire design and improvement.
BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and cause of eye injury at global, regional, and national levels by age and sex based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019.MethodsThis is a retrospective demographic analysis based on aggregated data. GBD 2019 included the burden of eye injury worldwide and its temporal and spatial characteristics in the past three decades. The Bayesian meta-regression tool and DisMod-MR 2.1 were used to analyse the estimates based on a linear regression mode of the age-standardised rates (ASR). Average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to represent the temporal trends of the ASR.FindingsGlobally, there were 59,933.29 thousand (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 45,772.34–77,084.03) incident cases and 438.4 thousand (95% UI: 132.44–898.38) YLDs of eye injury in 2019. Both the ASR of incidence and YLDs decreased from 1990 to 2019, with AAPC −0.46 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.52 to −0.39) and −0.45 (95% CI: −0.52 to −0.39), respectively. Males had higher rates of incidence and YLDs in all age groups. Young and middle-aged adults had higher disease burdens. Regionally, Australasia had the highest ASR of YLDs to be 9.51 (95% UI: 3.00–19.58) per 100,000. Nationally, New Zealand had the highest burden of eye injury to be 11.33 (95% UI: 3.57–23.10) per 100,000. Foreign bodies, exposure to mechanical forces, and falls were the main causes of global eye injury burden in 2019, and there was an increased worldwide burden due to road injuries and executions and police conflict compared with 1990.InterpretationOur findings suggest that the incidence and burden of eye injury have decreased over the last 30 years, while the absolute number of eye injuries has substantially increased, representing a major public health concern. Males and young adults were affected to a greater degree than females and elder individuals. More attention should be paid to road injuries and executions and police conflict in order to prevent eye injury.FundingGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (GDPH) Supporting Fund for Talent Program (KY0120220263).
A Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula is a collection of several herbs. TCM formulae have been used to treat various diseases for several thousand years. However, wide usage of TCM formulae has results in rapid decline of some rare herbs. So it is urgent to find common available replacements for those rare herbs with the similar effects. In addition, a formula can be simplified by reducing herbs with unchanged effects. Based on this consideration, we propose a method, called "formula pair," to replace the rare herbs and simplify TCM formulae. We show its reasonableness from a perspective of pathway enrichment analysis. Both the replacements of rare herbs and simplifications of formulae provide new approaches for a new formula discovery. We demonstrate our approach by replacing a rare herb "Forsythia suspensa" in the formula "the seventh of Sang Ju Yin plus/minus herbs (SSJY)" with a common herb "Thunberg Fritillary Bulb" and simplifying two formulae, "the fifth of Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang plus/minus herbs (FDHJST)" and "Fang Feng Tang" (FFT) to a new formula "Fang Feng Du Huo Tang" (FFDHT).
To constructed eukaryotic expressing siRNA sections targeting human and rat Rac1 and to observe their effects on Rac1 gene expression in HeLa cell line.siRNA sequences were designed and synthesized targeting human and rat's Rac1 mRNA, and then directionally cloned into pSUPER plasmid. The recombinant vectors were confirmed by enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing. The recombinant vectors were transfected into HeLa cell line and the transfection rate was evaluated with fluorescence microscope. The effects of the recombinants on Rac1 at mRNA levels were observed by RT-PCR.Three siRNA expressing recombinants and corresponding negative control vector were constructed and transfected into HeLa cell successfully. Rac1 transcript was reduced significantly in three transfectants.The construction of eukaryotic expression vectors expressing siRNA sections targeting Rac1 and identification successfully. This will be very helpful for further study on the function of Rac1 and it may be a useful tool in the treatment of the neovascular retinopathy.
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