Clinical relevance Online family health education may be effective for myopia prevention in children, and the effects may be different between children with myopic and non-myopic parents.Background Myopia is a common cause of vision loss. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of online family health education on preventing the development of myopia in children, and to estimate whether the effects vary according to parental myopia.Methods A cluster randomised trial including grade 1 and grade 2 children from 12 primary schools was conducted in Guangzhou, China. Weekly online family health education messages were sent to parents in the intervention group. Data collection included eye examinations of children and questionnaires completed by parents.Results Among the 3123 children included at baseline (1703 boys [54.5%]; mean [SD] age, 6.83 [0.73] years), 2376 completed the follow-up after 3 years. The differences in the incidence of myopia and myopic shift between the study groups were not significant in total. However, the 3-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia in the intervention group (125 of 445 [28.1%]) was significantly lower than that in the control group (225 of 603 [37.3%]; difference, 9.2% [95% CI, −14.9% to −3.5%]; P = 0.001) among children with non-myopic parents. In parallel, among children with non-myopic parents, the mean myopic change in SER was less for the intervention group than for the control group (−1.10 D vs. −1.24 D; difference, 0.13 D [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.23 D]; P = 0.01).Conclusions Compared with children with myopic parents, online family health education was more effective in children with non-myopic parents. The incidence of myopia and myopic shift in refraction have been reduced in children with non-myopic parents. Further studies are needed to assess these differences by parental myopia.
Myopia is a common cause of vision loss, and its prevalence is increasing globally.To evaluate the effects of school-based family health education via WeChat in raising parents' awareness of myopia prevention and behavior and in controlling the development of myopia in children.A single-masked cluster randomized clinical trial of children was conducted from October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, among grade 1 students from 12 primary schools in Guangzhou, China. The 12 primary schools were randomly selected in 2 districts and randomized to the intervention and control groups. All grade 1 students were invited to participate, and 688 students were included in the intervention group and 752 in the control group.Weekly health education via the social media platform WeChat was provided to the parents in the intervention group.Data include results of eye examinations of children and questionnaires completed by parents. The primary outcome was the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error (sphere of +0.5 cylinder) of at least -0.50 diopters (D). The secondary outcomes were the 2-year changes in the axis length and SE refraction, parental awareness, children's screen time, outdoor activities, and learning tools during COVID-19.Among the 1525 children included at baseline (835 boys [54.8%]; mean [SD] age, 6.3 [0.5] years), 1244 competed the final assessment; the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia was 106 of 544 (19.5%) in the intervention group and 171 of 700 (24.4%) in the control group (difference, 4.9% [95% CI, 0.3%-9.5%]; P = .04). The mean myopic shift in SE refraction in the intervention group (-0.82 D) was lower than that in the control group (-0.96 D; difference, -0.14 [95% CI, -0.22 to -0.06] D; P < .001). No difference in change in axial length was detected (difference, 0.02 [95% CI, -0.06 to 0.09] mm; P = .70).School-based weekly family health education via WeChat resulted in a small decrease in the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia with a difference in SE of less than 0.25 D not accompanied by any axial length differences. Whether these findings extrapolate elsewhere in the world or are clinically relevant in the short or long term remain to be determined.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900022236.
Abstract Although a large number of fish species have been introduced into Guangdong Province in Southern China, a few species, such as tilapia ( Tilapia spp.), North African catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell, mrigal carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Bloch) and the sucker mouth catfish ( Hypostomus sp.), have established natural populations and can be considered “successful invaders” in large rivers. The specific mechanisms underlying these contrasting results among different introduced fish species remain understudied. The relationship between multiple abiotic–biotic factors and the success of four invasive species was investigated using survey data for the Guangdong Province river ecosystem. In contrast to previous studies that have considered species‐specific traits, the focus was on economic, ecological and anthropogenic factors to predict invasion success. Four main predictive indicators were found: (1) successful invaders were of low or no commercial value; (2) successful invaders tolerated a wide range of environmental conditions, including poor water quality; (3) biodiversity loss accelerated the growth of non‐native populations; (4) human disturbance facilitated population growth and spread of invasive fish species. To lessen the impacts of invasive fish species, the selection of breeding species and breeding areas, maintenance of water quality and reduction in water pollution, protection of the diversity of fish species and reduction of human interference should be addressed.
To investigate the 2-year efficacy of atropine, orthokeratology (ortho-k) and combined treatment on myopia. To explore the factors influencing the efficacy.An age-stratified randomised controlled trial. Children (n=164) aged 8-12 years with spherical equivalent refraction of -1.00 to -6.00 D were stratified into two age subgroups and randomly assigned to receive placebo drops+spectacles (control), 0.01% atropine+spectacles (atropine), ortho-k+placebo (ortho-k) or combined treatment. Axial length was measured at baseline and visits at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The primary analysis was done following the criteria of intention to treat, which included all randomised subjects.All interventions can significantly reduce axial elongation at all visits (all p<0.05). Overall, the 2-year axial elongation was significantly reduced in combined treatment than in monotherapies (all p<0.05). After stratification by age, in the subgroup aged 8-10, the difference between combined treatment and ortho-k became insignificant (p=0.106), while in the subgroup aged 10-12, the difference between combined treatment and atropine became insignificant (p=0.121). A significant age-dependent effect existed in the ortho-k group versus the control group (p for interaction=0.013), and a significant age-dependent effect existed in the ortho-k group versus the atropine group (p for interaction=0.035), which indicated that ortho-k can achieve better efficacy in younger children.Atropine combined with ortho-k treatment can improve the efficacy of myopia control compared with monotherapy in children aged 8-12. Younger children might benefit more from ortho-k.ChiCTR1800015541.
Background: Despite established factors associated with incident myopia in school-aged children, time-varying exposure or susceptibility with the children’s grade phase were mostly not taken into account. This is the first study using four-year longitudinal data on cycloplegic refraction/axial length and a questionnaire survey that evaluated the onset of myopia and myopia development with the growth of grade level, and explored the time-varying associations of myopia-related factors with incident myopia. This study helps illustrate what characteristics are solid predictors for incident myopia in different grade phasesMethods: This study used a subset of an ongoing longitudinal study initiated in grade 1 students in 12 primary schools in Guangzhou, China. Four-wave eye examinations and questionnaire surveys had been completed until now. Data collected at 2 consecutive visits composing 3 groups were used for the longitudinal analysis; 1223 non-myopic students in grade 1 were in Group 1 to examine factors associated with incident myopia in grade 2; 653 non-myopic students during grades 1–2 were in Group 2 to investigate factors related to incident myopia in grade 3; 746 non-myopic students during grades 1–3 were in Group 3 to evaluate factors associated with incident myopia in grade 4. Myopia incidence, and changes in cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction and axial length elongation in the 3 groups, respectively.Findings: The incidence of myopia for children in grade 2 was 4.3%; compared with this value, a 3.83-fold and 5.02-fold of incidence of myopia for children in grade 3 and grade 4 were observed, respectively. Our findings show an overall consistent and positive association between the number of parents with myopia and the onset of myopia in grade 2, grade 3, and grade 4. We observed significant protective effects of outdoor activity on the onset of myopia in grade 2 and grade 3 (in Group 1, adjusted HR 0.46 [95% CI 0.24~0.86], P=0.016; and in Group 2, adjusted HR 0.62 [95% CI 0.41~0.92], P=0.018); whereas no significant association between outdoor activity and incident myopia in grade 4 was observed. Notably, an above-average academic performance had a positive association with incident myopia in children in grade 4.Interpretations: Grade-sensitive services should be considered to prevent or control myopia among schoolchildren, outdoor activity interventions are suggested to be at the early grade phase in primary schools, and especially that effective intervention is suggested to be provided to students in higher grade phase to alleviate the effects of academic time use and other related eye-use behaviors.Funding Information: This study was supported by grant 201803010062 from the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project and by grant from the Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission Major Projects in Health Science and Technology.Declaration of Interests: No conflicting relationship exists for any author.Ethics Approval Statement: his study was approved by the Sun 126 Yat-Sen University, School of Public Health institutional review board and conducted 127 in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
To investigate the efficacy and safety of orthokeratology (ortho-k) and repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in treating poor responders of ortho-k in myopic children.
Abelia chinensis R. Br. (Dipsacales: Caprifoliaceae) is one of the preferred nectar host plants for Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae). However, the volatile compounds of its flowers that might be involved in directing mosquitoes' orientation to its nectaries remain unknown. In the present study, the volatile compounds released by A. chinensis florets were collected by solid phase microextraction fiber and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. Based on the major component species in the volatile profile, a synthetic phytochemical blend (Blend B, composed of six compounds at their most attractive concentrations) was formulated, and its attractiveness was tested against the pentane extract of A. chinensis florets at most attractive concentration (Blend A) and a formerly developed synthetic phytochemical blend (Blend C) in the olfactometer, respectively. The results revealed that the volatile profile of A. chinensis florets was mainly composed of aromatic compounds, most of which had been reported to be attractive to other mosquito species. The synthetic Blend B was as attractive as Blend A (10-1-fold of the crude pentane extract) in the olfactometer bioassays, but they were not as attractive as the formerly developed Blend C. The present study indicated that quantitative and qualitative differences in the constituents of phytochemical blends could significantly affect their attractiveness to Cx. pipiens pallens, and the capture efficiency of phytochemical attractants deserves further research before being applied in the field.
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of mediastinal fibrosis. Methods: Twelve patients with mediastinal fibrosis diagnosed between 2008 and 2015 in our hospital were studied retrospectively. Clinical manifestations, radiological characteristics, endoscopic features, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results: There were 3 males and 9 females, with a mean age of 68.8 years.Six patients had previous tuberculosis infection. The most common clinical symptoms were dyspnea on exertion (11 cases), cough (7 cases), and wheezing (6 cases). Chest CT scans revealed an infiltrative mediastinal process, with a discrete mass, enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph node calcification (9 case). Twelve patients had bronchial and pulmonary artery compression at lobar or segmental levels, 7 cases had localized pulmonary edema, and 6 cases had pulmonary atelectasis. The principal findings of bronchoscopy were distortion of bronchus with stenosis, multiple pigmentation of bronchial mucosa, and bronchial mucosal edema. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was the main severe complication. One patients suffered from sudden death after bronchoscopy. Eleven patients were followed for 3 month to 7 years, and 5 patients got progression. Anti-tuberculosis therapy with or without corticosteroid was not beneficial. Conclusion: Tuberculosis was the leading cause of mediastinal fibrosis in our study, which was characterized with diffuse bronchial and pulmonary artery compression at lobar or segmental levels, and multiple pigmentation of bronchial mucosa.Anti-tuberculosis therapy with or without corticosteroids was not beneficial.目的： 探讨纵隔纤维化的患者的临床特点及预后。 方法： 回顾性分析北京大学第一医院2008年至2015年确诊的12例纵隔纤维化患者，其中男3例，女9例，年龄55～86岁，平均68.8岁，总结其临床表现、影像学特点、气管镜下表现和预后。 结果： 患者主要临床症状为呼吸困难(11例)、咳嗽(7例)和喘息(6例)。影像学表现为纵隔不定型软组织影，伴或不伴淋巴结肿大，钙化(9例)，继发多叶、段的支气管及肺动脉狭窄(12例)，肺静脉狭窄(6例)，肺不张(6例)和不对称肺水肿(7例)。气管镜下可见弥漫叶、段支气管扭曲、狭窄，多发黏膜色素沉着、水肿，1例患者于支气管镜术后猝死，主要并发症为肺动脉高压。11例患者进行了随访，随访时间3个月至7年，5例病情进展，抗结核及糖皮质激素治疗无效。 结论： 本组患者纵隔纤维化以多发叶、段肺血管和气道受累狭窄，支气管黏膜色素沉着为特征，部分患者抗结核及合用糖皮质激素治疗无效。.
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