Many studies estimate social discount rates based on the Ramsey rule. The rule has been augmented in various ways in order to reflect the decision maker’s attitude toward risk and uncertainty. In this article, we adopt the recursive utility with ambiguity of Ju and Miao and develop a general social discount rate formula via the utility gradient method. The derived formula allows us to obtain the three-way explicit separation of risk aversion, intertemporal substitution, and ambiguity aversion as in Traeger. It also goes beyond the classical two-period setting and thus term structures of social discount rates under ambiguity can be studied. Due to the generality of this approach, we can directly apply the well-known growth scenarios under climate change so as to derive scenario-based social discount rates, which can be used as a guide in practice to assess climate change policies or related projects.
In Feb 2021, As the competition for commercialization of 5G mobile communication has been increasing, 5G SA Network and Vo5G are expected to be commercialized soon. 5G mobile communication aims to provide 20 Gbps transmission speed which is 20 times faster than 4G mobile communication, connection of at least 1 million devices per 1 km2, and 1 ms transmission delay which is 10 times shorter than 4G. To meet this, various technological developments were required, and various technologies such as Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output), mmWave, and small cell network were developed and applied in the area of 5G access network. However, in the core network area, the components constituting the LTE (Long Term Evolution) core network are utilized as they are in the NSA (Non-Standalone) architecture, and only the changes in the SA (Standalone) architecture have occurred. Also, in the network area for providing the voice service, the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) infrastructure is still used in the SA architecture. Here, the issue is that while 5G mobile communication is evolving openly to provide various services, security elements are vulnerable to various cyber-attacks because they maintain the same form as before. Therefore, in this paper, we will look at what the network standard for 5G voice service provision consists of, and what are the vulnerable problems in terms of security. And We Suggest Possible Attack Scenario using Security Issue, We also want to consider whether these problems can actually occur and what is the countermeasure.
글로벌 RE100 이니셔티브가 확대됨에 따라 선언기업들의 재생에너지 전력 조달 수요가 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 재생에너지 발전량과 에너지 수요 전망을 통해 미래 우리나라 기업들의 RE100 이행환경을 살펴보며 RE100과 탄소중립 간의 격차를 도출하였다. 제10차 전력수급 기본계획을 바탕으로 분석한 결과 2036년 약 45.6TWh의 재생에너지 초과공급이 발생하며, 이 초과분은 시간대별 분석 시 잉여물량 5.8TWh와 부족물량 20.2TWh로 분해된다. 이는 총량 관점에서 RE100 이행에 문제는 없으나 실시간 전력망의 탄소중립과는 격차가 있음을 나타낸다. 또한, 시나리오 분석을 통해 RE100과 탄소중립 간의 격차는 재생에너지가 확대될수록 비용효과성이 떨어진다는 점을 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 RE100과 탄소중립 간의 격차를 줄이기 위한 청정에너지 인증제 도입의 필요성을 시사한다.
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