Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda , is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX , UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
The study was to investigate the expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum of patients with acute leukemia and supernatants of leukemia cell lines as well as effects of VEGF-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) on the growth of HL-60 cells. Meanwhile the methods to evaluate the VEGF level in the serum of patients with acute leukemia were explored. The levels of bFGF and VEGF in the serum from 32 patients with acute leukemia and 10 healthy subjects and in the supernatants of 5 various human leukemia cell lines were quantified by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and were compared. VEGF levels were evaluated not only without standardization but also after standardized by platelet and finally expressed as VEGF/PLT (pg/10(6)). After with different concentrations of VEGF ASODN, HL-60 cell viability was examined with MTT assay and VEGF levels in supernatants were measured with ELISA, respectively. The results showed that bFGF was detected (3 pg/ml) in 14 out of 32 serum samples from patients with acute leukemia, and the positive (37.5%) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (10%) (P < 0.01). 3 out of 5 supernanant samples obtained from leukemia cell lines demonstrated positive for bFGF as well. There is no difference of the serum VEGF levels between leukemia patients and healthy controls, but the serum VEGF levels in the serum from leukemia patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P < 0.05) after standardization. 4 out of 5 leukemia cell (U937 excluded) were found to express VEGF in the supernanant. After exposure of HL-60 cells to VEGF ASODN at a concentration of 0.5, 1 and 5 micromol/L for 24 hours, the cell viability gradually dropped down to lower levels (P < 0.05 vs controls). After treatment of HL-60 cells with VEGF ASODN at a concentration of 1, 5 and 20 micromol/L for 24 hours, the VEGF levels in supernatants of target cells decreased (P < 0.05 vs controls). The patients with acute leukemia represented the higher levels of serum bFGF and VEGF than controls. Most of leukemia cell lines expressed bFGF and VEGF at different levels. It is concluded that bFGF and VEGF both have effects on regulations of angiogenesis in acute leukemia, but VEGF plays a pivotal role. VEGF-specific ASODN may have a role in them VEGF expression downregulated. Different results may be obtained in the evaluation of VEGF levels in the serum of patients with acute leukemia if different calculation methods are used. The methods reported can measure leukemia associated VEGF more accurately.
The elderly travel safety has attracted more and more attention, this paper studies a real -time positioning measurement using intelligent shoes system that can locate the position information of the elderly in real time.The project is a positioning system integrated in the bottom of the heel part of the elderly.The positioning system of interaction with the server transmits location information of the elderly through GPS and S IM models in the bottom of the shoes.So the mobile clients achieve tracking and monitoring for the elderly travel through the interaction between the server and the mobile client.This paper includes the system function design, system structure design, in-depth study of the technical route and key problems.In the functional design, it is explained how to perceive the old location information and real-time positioning display, transmit travel data and process electronic fence function.In the structural design includes construction of the elderly travel information acquisition subsystem, data transmission subsystem, data processing and service interface subsystem and real -time positioning, intelligent fence subsystem, forms a complete system development structure.
A three-dimensional (3D) polarimetric tracking model is proposed to calculate scattering interactions between light and media, where a 9×1 coherency or Stokes vector is used to represent the scattered 3D polarized light. Compared with the present Monte Carlo program, this model not only address the continuous rotations problem of the reference plane at least 2 to 3 times, but also realizes the statistics tracking of 3D vibration distribution (i.e., 3D polarization state) for the scattered light in real time. In this paper, we introduce two 3D cartesian coordinate systems: a global coordinate system of an entire scattering environment, and a local coordinate system of a scattering event. Within the proposed 3D polarimetric tracking model, the polarization transformation effect (PTE) related to every scattering event is preciously tracked in corresponding local coordinate system, and the calculated 3D PTE has a 9×9 coherency transformation matrix or Mueller matrix mathematically. Importantly, by utilizing only one rotation of coordinate system, the final 3D polarization transformation effect of an entire scattering environment can be uniquely determined by successive multiplication of all 9×9 matrices characterizing scattering events. The study can be widely applied in several applications of biomimetic polarization navigation, remote sensing, marine surveillance and environmental security to preciously quality the PTE of multitudinous scattering environments.
Polystyrene microplastics are now widely distributed in aquatic environments, encompassing natural waters, bottled water, and even biological fluids such as blood and urine. These microplastics negatively affect such processes as underwater communication, underwater detection, and blood flow imaging. In this work, a suspension of polystyrene microspheres was chosen as the subject of investigation. Monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with diameters of 0.2μm, 0.5μm, and 1μm were used to create uniform scattering environments in water. Incident wavelengths of 470nm, 532nm, and 670nm were selected, respectively. The study examines which type of polarized light maintains its polarization most effectively. For polystyrene suspensions containing 0.2μm particles, parallel polarized light demonstrated superior polarization retention at the 532nm and 670nm wavelengths. In all other instances, right-handed circular polarized light exhibited better polarization retention. This phenomenon can be tentatively explained by the vector Fokker-Planck approximation. According to the vector Fokker-Planck approximation, the retention of circular polarization is correlated with the asymmetry parameter g. Circular polarization preserves its helicity and handedness during propagation through anisotropic random media. By contrast, linear polarization states become randomized more rapidly. This reversal occurs as the anisotropy of the environment decreases. The investigation also addresses which wavelength demonstrates enhanced polarization retention. Longer wavelengths exhibit improved polarization retention. Both parallel and right-handed circular polarized light achieve optimal polarization retention at the 670 nm wavelength. The outcomes of this research are anticipated to aid in endeavors such as underwater communication, underwater detection, and blood flow imaging techniques.
Completely mixed anaerobic biological reactor was applied to the treat slaughterhouse wastewater containing highly suspended solids,then an external cross-flow ultra-filtration membrane unit was integrated to retain anaerobic sludge from permeate.The research shows that the anaerobic system has a short startup period and high organic removals efficiency at various volumetric loading rates.Average COD removal rate in half-year operation is 91.65%.The system has the highest COD volumetric loading rate of 8.0 g/(L·d)approximately.During stable operation period,the methane yield varies from 0.20 L/g to 0.30 L/g.In this treatment system,anaerobic sludge and influent suspended solids were completely retained in the reactor,which has an excellent removal for the complex industrial wastewater containing highly concentrated suspended solids.
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