From the past few decades, the dietary modification in the treatment of a different diseases which indicates the physiological response to a food. However, the present study was reviewed systemically and it was found in the different studies that the daily consumption of different types of millet-based foods may reduce the risk of various disease such as Diabetes particularly TypeII, cardiovascular and so on. Even in few studies it was found that the Korean proso millet also elevates the HDL level along with effect on controlling glucose level. It can be concluded that millets play a vital role in management of type II diabetes, CVD and in various non-communicable diseases.
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition which results in the body attacking itself. It occurs in the age group of 14 to ≥ 65 years. The average age is 28 years. More than 10 million cases per year in India are being recorded. Around 15% of cases emerge before the age of 10 years. In the case of psoriasis, white blood cells known as T cells mistakenly attack the skin cells. Around 80% of people have mild psoriasis, and the other 20% have moderate to severe psoriasis. There are different types of psoriasis they are Plaque psoriasis occurs in about 80-90% of people, it appears as raised, inflamed, red lesions, covered by a silvery, white scales, usually on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. Inverse psoriasis appears in the different parts like armpits, the groin, under the breasts, and in other skin folds such as the buttocks and around the genitals. Argemone Mexicana (Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, cardo or cardosanto) is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. An extremely hardy pioneer plant as it is tolerant of drought and poor soil, often being the only cover on new road cuttings or verges. The flower has bright yellow latex, and though poisonous to grazing animals and is rarely eaten, but has been used medicinally by many people including those in its native area, the Natives of the western US, parts of Mexico and in Whole part of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, etc.
Background: Acute Heart failure is very serious condition it required hospital and emergency ward.The aim of this critical Review to evaluate treatment and outcomes and predict a poor treatment outcome in acute heart failure patients at City Chhatarpur Madhya Pradesh.Methods: A randomized prospective study is designed on the basis of data were collection by using questionnaire as a tool.Outcomes variables were assessed at the time patient discharge from the Chhatarpur Hospital.Multivariate and Bivariate used as tool logistic analysis were used to determine factors that show in Hospital mortality.P Value<0.05 was significant statistically.Results: Out of the 200 patients, the median age of patients with acute heart failure 40 years (IQR = 23 to 50) and median hospital stay was 4.0 days (IQR = 5.0 to 7.0).The leading precipitating factor and underlying disease at the time of admission were pneumonia (33.5%) and chronic rheumatic heart disease (55.5%), respectively.The in hospital mortality was found to be 24.2%.Smoking (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.7, p = 0.009), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 10.2, p = 0.008), pulmonary hypertension (AOR = 4.3, p = 0.027), and the presence of adverse drug events (AOR = 4.2, p =0.009) were predictors of in-hospital mortality.Conclusion: High in-hospital mortality was observed among acute heart failure patients admitted to a Government Chhatarpur Hospital.Smoking, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary and the presence of adverse drug events were predictors of in-hospital mortality.
The basic plan of the retina is conserved across vertebrates, yet species differ profoundly in their visual needs (Baden et al., 2020). One might expect that retinal cell types evolved to accommodate these varied needs, but this has not been systematically studied. Here, we generated and integrated single-cell transcriptomic atlases of the retina from 17 species: humans, two non-human primates, four rodents, three ungulates, opossum, ferret, tree shrew, a teleost fish, a bird, a reptile and a lamprey. Molecular conservation of the six retinal cell classes (photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells [RGCs] and Muller glia) is striking, with transcriptomic differences across species correlated with evolutionary distance. Major subclasses are also conserved, whereas variation among types within classes or subclasses is more pronounced. However, an integrative analysis revealed that numerous types are shared across species based on conserved gene expression programs that likely trace back to the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates. The degree of variation among types increases from the outer retina (photoreceptors) to the inner retina (RGCs), suggesting that evolution acts preferentially to shape the retinal output. Finally, we identified mammalian orthologs of midget RGCs, which comprise >80% of RGCs in the human retina, subserve high-acuity vision, and were believed to be primate-specific (Berson, 2008); in contrast, the mouse orthologs comprise <2% of mouse RGCs. Projections both primate and mouse orthologous types are overrepresented in the thalamus, which supplies the primary visual cortex. We suggest that midget RGCs are not primate innovations, but descendants of evolutionarily ancient types that decreased in size and increased in number as primates evolved, thereby facilitating high visual acuity and increased cortical processing of visual information.
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) or simply microwave extraction is a relatively new extraction technique that combines microwave and traditional solvent extraction. Application of microwaves for heating the solvents and plant tissues in extraction process, which increases the kinetic of extraction, is called microwave-assisted extraction. The use of MAE in natural products extraction started in the late 1980, though the technological developments, it has now become one of the popular and cost-effective extraction methods available today, and several advanced MAE instrumentations and methodologies have become available, e.g., pressurized microwave-assisted extraction (PMAE) and solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction (SFMAE). This chapter provides an overview of the MAE and presents a number of specific proto collateral products extraction.
Vitiligo is a long-run skin condition characterised by patches of the skin losing their pigment. The patches of skin affected become white and typically have sharp margins. The hair from the skin might also become white. The inside of the mouth and nose might also be concerned. The extent and rate of color loss from skin condition is unpredictable. Vitiligo happens when the cells that produce melanin die or stop functioning. Vitiligo affects individuals of all skin sorts, but it may be more noticeable in people with darker skin. Risk factors include a family history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, alopecia areata, and pernicious anemia. It is not contagious. Prolonged periods of psychological stress might be involved in the onset and progression of the vitiligo. Histochemically, there is a lack of DOPA-positive melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. Patients with illness|disease of the skin|skin disorder skin problem|skin condition} usually develop autoimmune thyroid disease or other autoimmune diseases. A blood test to examine thyroid function should be considered in sight of the high prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with vitiligo. This disease targets most of the psychological conditions to occur and is very much harmful as may even lead to some serious effects which may even lead to suicide. The objective of the study was to conduct a review of home-based nonpharmacological treatment and pharmacological treatment of vitiligo. This study mainly aims to show which treatment is more effective and safe. These parameters are calculated based on the efficacy and safety of the drug.
Motor neuron disease is vary hazards disease in recent time, MND (Motor Neuron Disease) basically it shows clinical presentation to ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) considered is most neurodegenerative disease. In MND basically loss of nerves in the spine and brain is not working so it is Refferd to neurodegeneration. It is recorded as in last past year we have seen lots of changes related to patient care treatment improving and drug safety but also rapid scientific advances is there, so that rational therapies based on key pathogenic mechanisms now seem plausible. ALS have both properties in heterogeneous. it occurs 1 year to delay from first symptoms to diagnosis where as half of patient succumb within 3-4 years , although the heterogeneity suggest therapeutic study with respect to clinical study. RNA Process is also implicated and show protein degradation. Apparent clinical heterogeneity tells us that therapeutic studies should include detailed biomarker profiling, they even tell us about the genetic and clinical statistritions. The most common mutation, accounting for 10% of all Western hemispheres ALS due to this protein degradation is occurs. Major part is still not clear how these fundamental is working continuously. This pre- symptomatic study considered is new era or new initiative for neurodegenerative disorders in neurological sciences.
Influenza viruses are among the most significant pathogens of humans and animals. Reverse genetics allows for the study of molecular attributes that modulate virus host range, virulence and transmission. The most common reverse genetics methods use bi-directional vectors containing a host RNA polymerase (pol) I promoter to produce virus-like RNAs and a host RNA pol II promoter to direct the synthesis of viral proteins. Given the species-dependency of the pol I promoter and virus-host interactions that influence replication of animal-origin influenza viruses in human-derived cells, we explored the potential of using the swine RNA pol I promoter (spol1) in a bi-directional vector for rescuing type A and B influenza viruses (IAV and IBV, respectively) in swine and human cells. The spol1-based bi-directional plasmid vector led to efficient rescue of IAVs of different origins (human, swine, and avian) as well as IBV in both swine- and human-origin tissue culture cells. In addition, virus rescue was successful using a recombinant bacmid containing all eight segments of a swine origin IAV. In conclusion, the spol1-based reverse genetics system is a new platform to study influenza viruses and produce swine influenza vaccines with increased transfection efficiency.
Abstract The basic plan of the retina is conserved across vertebrates, yet species differ profoundly in their visual needs 1 . Retinal cell types may have evolved to accommodate these varied needs, but this has not been systematically studied. Here we generated and integrated single-cell transcriptomic atlases of the retina from 17 species: humans, two non-human primates, four rodents, three ungulates, opossum, ferret, tree shrew, a bird, a reptile, a teleost fish and a lamprey. We found high molecular conservation of the six retinal cell classes (photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and Müller glia), with transcriptomic variation across species related to evolutionary distance. Major subclasses were also conserved, whereas variation among cell types within classes or subclasses was more pronounced. However, an integrative analysis revealed that numerous cell types are shared across species, based on conserved gene expression programmes that are likely to trace back to an early ancestral vertebrate. The degree of variation among cell types increased from the outer retina (photoreceptors) to the inner retina (RGCs), suggesting that evolution acts preferentially to shape the retinal output. Finally, we identified rodent orthologues of midget RGCs, which comprise more than 80% of RGCs in the human retina, subserve high-acuity vision, and were previously believed to be restricted to primates 2 . By contrast, the mouse orthologues have large receptive fields and comprise around 2% of mouse RGCs. Projections of both primate and mouse orthologous types are overrepresented in the thalamus, which supplies the primary visual cortex. We suggest that midget RGCs are not primate innovations, but are descendants of evolutionarily ancient types that decreased in size and increased in number as primates evolved, thereby facilitating high visual acuity and increased cortical processing of visual information.
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