Tuberculosis is an important chronic and often fatal infectious disease mainly caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb is one of the most successful pathogens that harbors several potential virulence factors not found in nonpathogenic mycobacteria. As the Mtb cell envelope is closely associated with its virulence and resistance, it is very important to understand the cell envelope for better treatment of causative pathogen. There is increasing evidence that Pro-Glu (PE) and Pro-Pro-Glu (PPE) proteins are the major effectors of virulence and persistence encoded in the Mtb H37Rv genome. However, the function of PE8 has not been explored to date. In this study, we heterologously expressed PE8 in nonpathogenic, fast-growing M. smegmatis to investigate the interaction between PE8 and the host to determine its possible biological functions. We found that recombinant M. smegmatis cells expressing PE8 were less susceptible to sodium dodecyl sulfate-induced surface stress compared with those expressing the empty vector, suggesting that PE8 may be involved in stress responses. In addition, macrophages infected with PE8-expressing M. smegmatis produced obviously lower levels of the proinflammatory factor IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and higher levels of the inhibitory factor IL-10. We further found that PE8 promoted M. smegmatis survival within macrophages by inhibiting late apoptosis of macrophages. Collectively, selective targeting of the PE/PPE protein family offers an untapped opportunity to the development of more effective and safer drugs against Mtb infection.
Objective
To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition support via naso-jejunal tube in esophageal carcinoma patients treated with radiotheraphy.
Methods
36 esophageal carcinoma patients were randomly assigned into enteral nutrition(EN) group, while 38 patients assigned to control group.All patients underwent definition IMRT combined with weekly concurrent chemotherapy of paclitaxel-nedaplatin.The naso-jejunal tubes were bedside inserted by hand in EN group.Enteral nutrition support began the day after the tube insertion.The control group took food orally.Nutrition was assessed through body weight, BMI, lymphocyte, albumin, pre-albumin and hemoglobin.Treatment induced complications were recorded.
Results
The degree of nutritional reduction was lower in EN group and significantly different with the control group.The EN group underwent (4.5±1.1)cycles concurrent chemotherapy, the control group underwent (3.1±2.3)cycles concurrent chemotherapy(t=6.21, P=0.027). The hematotoxicity induced by chemoradiotherapy(CRT) was statistically severe in the control group(χ2=24.64, P<0.01), while radiation esophagitis was similar between the two groups.
Conclusion
EN support via naso-jejunal tube in esophageal carcinoma patients treated with radiotheraphy may improve the nutritional status, alleviate CRT induced hematotoxicity, increase tolerance of CRT.
Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms; Enteral nutrition
Objective To assess the safety and effect of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),associated with percutaneous local cryotherapy(PLCT)and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy(PEIT) in treating unresectable liver malignance,and compared with TACE combined with PEIT alone.Methods One hundred and thirty-two patients with unresectable HCC were enrolled in this study.Seventy-six patients underwent TACE associated with PLCT and PEIT(triple-modality group),56 patients underwent TACE associated with PEIT alone(bi-modality group).Results Response rate(RR)(42.1% vs 17.9%),Clinical benefited rate(85.5% vs.69.6%) and Time to progress(TTP)(12w vs.10w) between triple-modality and bi-modality group were statistically significant(P0.05).1-year survival rate was no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion TACE combined with PLCT and PEIT is more effective than TACE combined PEIT alone,is a rational safe and effective multi-modality treatment model for unresectable HCC and worth further attention.
Objective Approach of operation opportunity about craniocerebral trauma,in order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of craniocerebral trauma. Method According to the level of awareness change of craniocerebral trauma patients and pupil change,66 patients divide into 2 groups(Ⅰgroup,35 cases,before coma the patients pupil no change or little change,operation while the patients pupil light reflex is sensitive;Ⅱgroup,31 cases,after coma 2 patients pupil no abnormalities,and others operation opportunity is when the patients one or two mydriasis),to analysis the therapeutic efficacy by different operation opportunity.ResultⅠgroup:34 patients is outcome well after operation(97.1%),midrange disability 1 case(2.9%);Ⅱgroup:8 patients is outcome well(25.8%),midrange disability 7 cases(22.6%),serious disability 5 cases(16.1%),and death 11 cases(35.5%).Rate of outcome well and case fatality is statistical significance(P0.01).Conclusion The craniocerebral trauma complic intracranial hematoma patients,operation outcome is well while patients clear-headed,before coma or mydriasis;outcome is bad while patients coma and mydriasis.
Osteogenesis and angiogenesis acts as an essential role in repairing large tibial defects (LTDs). Total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae (TFRD), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is reported to show anabolic effects on fracture healing. However, whether TFRD could improve the bone formation and angiogenesis in LTDs remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TFRD on bone formation and angiogenesis in LTDs in distraction osteogenesis (DO). Using a previously established fracture model, LTD rats was established with circular external fixator (CEF). All rats then randomly divided into TFRD low dosage group (with DO), TFRD medium dosage group (with DO), TFRD high dosage group (with DO), model group (with DO) and blank group (without DO). Twelve weeks after treatment, according to X-ray and Micro-CT, TFRD groups (especially in medium dosage group) can significantly promote the formation of a large number of epiphyses and improve new bone mineralization compared with model group, and the results of HE and Masson staining and in vitro ALP level of BMSC also demonstrated the formation of bone matrix and mineralization in the TFRD groups. Also, angiographic imaging suggested that total flavonoids of TFRD was able to promote angiogenesis in the defect area. Consistently, TFRD significantly increased the levels of BMP-2, SMAD1, SMAD4, RUNX-2, OSX and VEGF in LTD rats based on ELISA and Real-Time PCR. In addition, we found that ALP activity of TFRD medium dosage group reached a peak after 10 days of induction through BMSC cell culture in vitro experiment. TFRD promoted bone formation in LTD through activation of BMP-Smad signaling pathway, which provides a promising new strategy for repairing bone defects in DO surgeries.
Objective Through the clinical application of micro-technical,to increase the remedy rate of intracranial hematoma caused by any reasons,reduce intracranial hematoma sequelae.Methods Total 156 patients,by CT examination,and use YL-1 type puncture needle pricking haematoma cavity,combination haematoma fluidify technology about urokinase and heparin etc,wash dnge repeatedly,to clean intracranial hematoma.Result Total 156 patients to evaluate by GOS to leave hospital,102 cases is recovery(65.4%),19 cases is moderate disability(12.2%),5 cases is severe disability(3.2%),4 cases is plant man(2.6%),12 cases is death(7.7%),and rate of prognosis well is 77.6%,case fatality is 7.7%.Conclusion Micro-debridement about intracranial hematoma is a simple,safe,and effective treatment method.It may be a first treatment method to treat intracranial hematoma in primary level hospital.
To investigate the dose-effect relationship of para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.Forty-two SD rats bearing subcutaneous transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7), in which 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 ml PTS and 0.10 ml normal saline were injected into the tumor, respectively. All of the rats were executed 24 h after the injection to observe the pathological changes in the tumor.In rats with saline injection, the tumor tissues exhibited no obvious changes and the tumor cells retained the active proliferation. PTS, in contrast, caused coagulation necrosis of the tumor tissue, and the necrotic area expanded with the increase of the injected doses. The necrotic volume of the tumor was in roughly linear correlation with the dose of PTS injected, with the linear regression equation of V (cm(3))=-0.018+2.595Y (where V represents tumor necrosis volume, and Y the injected dose of PTS).The dose-effect relationship of PTS is roughly linear, and the PTS dose for injection can be estimated according to the diameter of the tumor.
In order to determine the curative effect of small dose heparin for treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (CITP), a total of 12 CITP patients, who were failed with prednisone and immunosuppressants over 6 months, had been treated with subcutaneous injection of small dose heparin. The curative effects were seen in 8 patients and there were no exacerbation of hemorrhage during the therapy. The results showed that it is effective and safe to use this treatment for CITP.
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