Lower subtropical monsoon evergreen broad leaved forests are of high conservation significance in Sooth China. Because of human activities, the forest has been largely destroyed; the remaining fragments are now mainly in several protected reserves. To further protect this forest outside the reserves and to study human influences on it, we analyzed the spatial pattern of Cryptocarya chinensis, a dominant tree in the forest near Changlong village, Guangzhou, China. Compared with low human disturbance forests, in which C. chinensis was clumped, we found that trees were randomly distributed, especially the young life stages. Human activities in this forest have also led to the decline of the C. chinensis seedling bank, suggesting that the population is regenerating badly.
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of gastroesophageal devasculariztion on cirrhotic portal hypertensive bleeding. Methods Clinical data of 85 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertentsive bleeding undergoing gastroesophageal devascularization were retrospectively analyzed. Results The following-up rate was 78％. The 1-yr,3-yr and 5-yr survival rate was 95％, 88％ and 82％respectively.There was significant difference in survival time after devascularization between patients of Child-Pugh A and Child-Pugh B.For the whole group the 1-yr,3-yr and 5-yr recurrent bleeding rate was 6％,16％ and 28％ and postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was 7％.ALT,AST and ALB recovered to pre-operative level on post-operative day 7. Conclusions Gastroesophageal devascularization was an effective therapy in treating portal hypertensive variceal bleeding.Liver function remains a significant factor influencing long term survival.
Key words:
Hypertension, portal; Liver cirrhosis; Esophageal and gastric varices; Devascularization
As a pluripotent cell, activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) can differentiate into various pancreatic parenchymal cells and participate in the secretion of extracellular matrix and the repair of pancreatic damage. Additionally, PSCs characteristics allow them to contribute to pancreatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Moreover, a detailed study of the pathogenesis of activated PSCs in pancreatic disease can offer promise for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies and improved patient prognoses. Therefore, the present study review aimed to examine the involvement of activated PSCs in pancreatic diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms to provide a viable therapeutic strategy for the management of pancreas‑related diseases.
This study aimed to assess the surgical outcomes of robotic compared to laparoscopic hepatectomy, with a special focus on the meta-analysis method. Original studies were collected from three Chinese databases, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Our systematic review was conducted on 682 patients with robotic liver resection, and 1101 patients were operated by laparoscopic platform. Robotic surgery has a long surgical duration (MD = 43.99, 95% CI: 23.45–64.53, p = 0.0001), while there is no significant difference in length of hospital stay (MD = 0.10, 95% CI: −0.38–0.58, p = 0.69), blood loss (MD = −20, 95% CI: −64.90–23.34, p = 0.36), the incidence of conversion (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.41–1.69, p = 0.62), and tumor size (MD = 0.30, 95% CI: −0–0.60, p = 0.05); the subgroup analysis of major and minor hepatectomy on operation time is (MD = −7.08, 95% CI: −15.22–0.07, p = 0.09) and (MD = 39.87, 95% CI: −1.70–81.44, p = 0.06), respectively. However, despite the deficiencies of robotic hepatectomy in terms of extended operation time compared to laparoscopic hepatectomy, robotic hepatectomy is still effective and equivalent to laparoscopic hepatectomy in outcomes. Scientific evaluation and research on one portion of the liver may produce more efficacity and more precise results. Therefore, more clinical trials are needed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of robotic compared to laparoscopic hepatectomy.
Plant-endophyte associations play important roles in grassland agricultural ecology. Many studies indicate that endophytic fungi can promote host growth and reduce the biotic and abiotic stresses of host plants. Epichloe endophytes of the family Clavicitaceae are fungal symbionts of Pooideae grasses. These endophytes usually do not express any obvious host symptoms. Many Epichloe endophytes can endow hosts with increased abiotic stress tolerance as a result of enhanced growth, tillering, reproduction and nutrient acquisition, particularly under conditions of drought, cold, salt and nutrient deficiencies and thus, have important roles in pastoral agricultural systems. Animal-safe grass-endophyte associations that confer bio-protective properties for increased pasture persistence and productivity have been developed and commercialized. Artificial inoculation with symbiotic Epichloe microbes is an important technique for the creation of novel germplasm. Selected Epichloe strains can add value to some grass-based forage systems by providing both biotic and abiotic stress resistance. In addition, they can improve and strengthen grass physiological functions and plant vigor. The Epichloe bromicola WBE1 endophyte of Hordeum brevisubulatum played an important role in maintaining the growth of host grass by promoting nutrient absorption and maintaining the ionic balance under salt stress. E. bromicola WBE1 can produce peramine, an alkaloid produced by Epichloe species, that protects host grasses from herbivorous insects. However, this strain was unable to synthesize the alkaloids that are toxic to livestock, such as ergine, ergonovine, ergovaline or lolitrem B. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) is one of the most important cereal crops. The importance of barley to human and animal nutrition, and indeed to the foundation and maintenance of human civilization, is well documented. Traditional barley breeding for improved environmental stress tolerance has resulted in good varieties. However, conventional breeding techniques neglect the microorganisms in plants. In this study, animal-safe endophytic E. bromicola WBE1 isolated from wild barley ( H. brevisubulatum ) was artificially inoculated into cultivated hulled barley ( H. vulgare cv. Yangsimai No. 1) and hull-less barley ( H. vulgare var. nudum cv. Chaiqing No. 1), creating novel barley germplasm. Plants that were inoculated with endophytes and those that were free of endophytes were evaluated for growth in the field. The plant height, tiller numbers, biomass and the grain weight per plant of endophyte-inoculated hulled barley plants (Yangsimai No. 1) were 5%, 20%, 46% and 22% higher than those of the control hulled barley plants, respectively, and they matured about 5 days earlier. The tiller numbers, biomass and grain weight per plant of endophyte-inoculated hull-less barley plants (Chaiqing No. 1) were 29%, 37% and 28% higher, respectively, than those of the control hull-less barley plants in the field. However, there was no significant difference between inoculated hull-less barley plants and control hull-less barley plants in the plant height and growth period. A novel germplasm of barley containing the endophyte was successfully created. E. bromicola improves plant characteristics and the growth of host. The results presented here provide evidence that the inoculation of barley with E. bromicola may be used to improve its germplasm. E. bromicola can be successfully inoculated into other phylogenetically close host species, and this technique has the potential to improve the growth of Hordeae cereal crops and serve as a broad application to produce agriculturally useful synthetic novel symbioses in germplasm.
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