Pai Peng

Princeton University

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Paola Cappellaro

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Chandrasekhar Ramanathan

Dartmouth College

Bichen Zhang

Princeton University

Mengxi Han

Sun Yat-sen University

Jeff D. Thompson

Princeton University

Qiang Chen

Sun Yat-sen University

Genyue Liu

Princeton University

Dong Xu

Zhejiang University of Water Resource and Electric Power

Junwen Chen

Hubei University of Automotive Technology

A. P. Burgers

Princeton University

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Chinese Academy of Sciences

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Peking University

Sun Yat-sen University

University of Science and Technology of China

Tsinghua University

Northwestern Polytechnical University

Princeton University

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Anhui University of Technology

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Two-step flash sintering of (Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)_0.01Ti_0.99O₂ giant dielectric ceramics

Microelectronics International (2022)

Zhentao Wang Pai Peng Sujuan Zhong Y. Frank Cheng Dong Xu

Purpose The purpose of this paper on the one hand is to reduce the sintering temperature, shorten the sintering time and improve the electrical properties of the sample through the two-step flash sintering method and on the other hand is to study the effect of electric field on the phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties of the flash sintering sample. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, (Mg 1/3 Ta 2/3 ) 0.01 Ti 0.99 O 2 giant dielectric ceramics were prepared by conventional sintering and two-step flash sintering, respectively. Further, the effect of electric field (600–750 V/cm) on the electrical properties of (Mg 1/3 Ta 2/3 ) 0.01 Ti 0.99 O 2 giant dielectric ceramics was studied. Findings The results show that compared with the conventional sintering, the sintering temperature of the two-step flash sintering can be reduced by 200°C and the sintering time can be shortened by 12 times. All sintered samples were single rutile TiO 2 structure. Compared with conventional sintering, two-step flash sintering samples have finer grain size. The two-step flash sintered sample has similar dielectric properties to the conventional sintered sample. The dielectric constant of flash sintered samples decreases with the increase of electric field. When the electric field is 700 V/cm, the ceramic sample has the optimal dielectric properties, where the dielectric constant is approximately 5.5 × 10 3 and the dielectric loss is about 0.18 at 1 kHz. Impedance spectroscopy analysis shows that the excellent dielectric properties are attributed to the internal barrier layer capacitance model. Originality/value This paper not only provides a new method for the preparation of co-doped TiO 2 giant dielectric ceramics but also has great potential in greatly improving efficiency and saving energy.

Dielectric loss

10.1108/mi-06-2022-0116

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Citations (3)

NMR Experimental Study of Out-of-Equilibrium Spin Models

Quantum science and technology (2022)

Paola Cappellaro Pai Peng Chandrasekhar Ramanathan

Hamiltonian (control theory)

10.1007/978-3-031-03998-0_16

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Int2Planner: An Intention-based Multi-modal Motion Planner for Integrated Prediction and Planning

arXiv (Cornell University) (2025)

Xiaolei Chen Junchi Yan Wenlong Liao Tao He Pai Peng

Motion planning is a critical module in autonomous driving, with the primary challenge of uncertainty caused by interactions with other participants. As most previous methods treat prediction and planning as separate tasks, it is difficult to model these interactions. Furthermore, since the route path navigates ego vehicles to a predefined destination, it provides relatively stable intentions for ego vehicles and helps constrain uncertainty. On this basis, we construct Int2Planner, an \textbf{Int}ention-based \textbf{Int}egrated motion \textbf{Planner} achieves multi-modal planning and prediction. Instead of static intention points, Int2Planner utilizes route intention points for ego vehicles and generates corresponding planning trajectories for each intention point to facilitate multi-modal planning. The experiments on the private dataset and the public nuPlan benchmark show the effectiveness of route intention points, and Int2Planner achieves state-of-the-art performance. We also deploy it in real-world vehicles and have conducted autonomous driving for hundreds of kilometers in urban areas. It further verifies that Int2Planner can continuously interact with the traffic environment. Code will be avaliable at https://github.com/cxlz/Int2Planner.

Planner

10.48550/arxiv.2501.12799

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Neutral Atom Quantum Computing with Ytterbium in Tweezer Arrays

Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2022 (FIO, LS) (2024)

Bichen Zhang Genyue Liu Pai Peng Shuo Ma Sebastian P. Horvath

Metastable qubits encoded with Yb convert a significant fraction of errors to erasures, leading to favorable error models for quantum error correction. I will discuss our experiments aimed at enhancing system performance through erasure conversion. Full-text article not available; see video presentation

Ytterbium

Atom optics

Energetic neutral atom

10.1364/ls.2024.lw1f.1

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Scaled local gate controller for optically addressed qubits

Optica (2024)

Bichen Zhang Pai Peng Aditya S. Paul Jeff D. Thompson

Scalable classical controllers are a key component of future fault-tolerant quantum computers. Neutral atom quantum computers leverage commercially available optoelectronic devices for generating large-scale tweezer arrays and performing parallel readout, but implementing massively parallel, locally addressed gate operations is an open challenge. In this work, we demonstrate an optical modulator system based on off-the-shelf components, which can generate a two-dimensional array of over 10,000 focused spots with uniform frequency and amplitude, and switching them on and off individually in arbitrary configurations at rates of up to 43 kHz. Through careful control of aberrations, the modulator achieves an extinction ratio of 46 dB, and nearest-neighbor crosstalk of −44dB with a beam spacing of 4.6 waists. The underlying components can operate at wavelengths from the UV to the NIR, and sustain high laser intensities. This approach is suitable for local addressing of gates with low cross-talk error rates in any optically addressed qubit platform, including neutral atoms, trapped ions, or solid-state atomic defects.

Extinction ratio

10.1364/optica.512155

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Citations (7)

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Hamiltonian Engineering

Physical Review Applied (2022)

Pai Peng Xiaoyang Huang Chao Yin Linta Joseph Chandrasekhar Ramanathan

Engineering desired Hamiltonian in quantum many-body systems is essential for applications such as quantum simulation, computation and sensing. Conventional quantum Hamiltonian engineering sequences are designed using human intuition based on perturbation theory, which may not describe the optimal solution and is unable to accommodate complex experimental imperfections. Here we numerically search for Hamiltonian engineering sequences using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques and experimentally demonstrate that they outperform celebrated sequences on a solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance quantum simulator. As an example, we aim at decoupling strongly-interacting spin-1/2 systems. We train DRL agents in the presence of different experimental imperfections and verify robustness of the output sequences both in simulations and experiments. Surprisingly, many of the learned sequences exhibit a common pattern that had not been discovered before, to our knowledge, but has an meaningful analytical description. We can thus restrict the searching space based on this control pattern, allowing to search for longer sequences, ultimately leading to sequences that are robust against dominant imperfections in our experiments. Our results not only demonstrate a general method for quantum Hamiltonian engineering, but also highlight the importance of combining black-box artificial intelligence with understanding of physical system in order to realize experimentally feasible applications.

Hamiltonian (control theory)

10.1103/physrevapplied.18.024033

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Citations (15)

Manipulating solid-state spin concentration through charge transport

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2023)

Guoqing Wang Changhao Li Hao Tang Boning Li Francesca Madonini

Solid-state defects are attractive platforms for quantum sensing and simulation, e.g., in exploring many-body physics and quantum hydrodynamics. However, many interesting properties can be revealed only upon changes in the density of defects, which instead is usually fixed in material systems. Increasing the interaction strength by creating denser defect ensembles also brings more decoherence. Ideally one would like to control the spin concentration at will while keeping fixed decoherence effects. Here, we show that by exploiting charge transport, we can take some steps in this direction, while at the same time characterizing charge transport and its capture by defects. By exploiting the cycling process of ionization and recombination of NV centers in diamond, we pump electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. These charges are then transported to modulate the spin concentration by changing the charge state of material defects. By developing a wide-field imaging setup integrated with a fast single photon detector array, we achieve a direct and efficient characterization of the charge redistribution process by measuring the complete spectrum of the spin bath with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. We demonstrate a two-fold concentration increase of the dominant spin defects while keeping the

Charge carrier

10.1073/pnas.2305621120

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Citations (5)

SARSA based access control with approximation by TileCoding

Computer Science and Information Systems (2019)

Fei Zhu Pai Peng Quan Liu Yuchen Fu Shan Zhong

Traditional sensor nodes ignore the packet loss rate during information transmission and the access control security problem caused by server utilization when uploading data. To solve the problem, we propose a SARSA based access control method with approximation by TileCoding (SACT), which takes the sensor packet loss rate and the server error rate into account. The network state is estimated by the packet loss rate and variable bit error rate to get a server access control strategy to improve security performance. The eventual strategy complies with the minimum information loss and the maximum server utilization. Results of experiments show that the algorithm is capable of achieving good results in the total amount of information received by the server system. The SACT improves the server utilization rate and the overall security performance of the network.

Upload

Packet loss

10.2298/csis180830022z

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CCDC 962686: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

The Cambridge Structural Database (2014)

Fuling Xue Pai Peng Jie Shi Mingli Zhong Zhao‐Yang Wang

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

10.5517/cc119rdh

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Manipulating solid-state spin concentration through charge transport

arXiv (Cornell University) (2023)

Guoqing Wang Changhao Li Hao Tang Boning Li Francesca Madonini

Solid-state spin defects are attractive candidates for developing quantum sensors and simulators. The spin and charge degrees of freedom in large defect ensembles are a promising platform to explore complex many-body dynamics and the emergence of quantum hydrodynamics. However, many interesting properties can be revealed only upon changes in the density of defects, which instead is usually fixed in material systems. Increasing the interaction strength by creating denser defect ensembles also brings more decoherence. Ideally one would like to control the spin concentration at will, while keeping fixed decoherence effects. Here we show that by exploiting charge transport, we can take some first steps in this direction, while at the same time characterizing charge transport and its capture by defects. By exploiting the cycling process of ionization and recombination of NV centers in diamonds, we pump electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. These charges are then transported to modulate the spin concentration by changing the charge state of material defects. By developing a wide-field imaging setup integrated with a fast single photon detector array, we achieve a direct and efficient characterization of the charge redistribution process by measuring the complete spectrum of the spin bath with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. We demonstrate the concentration increase of the dominant spin defects by a factor of 2 while keeping the $T_2$ of the NV center, which also provides a potential experimental demonstration of the suppression of spin flip-flops via hyperfine interactions. Our work paves the way to studying many-body dynamics with temporally and spatially tunable interaction strengths in hybrid charge-spin systems.

10.48550/arxiv.2302.12742

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Citations (1)