Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a prevalent pathogen-associated inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, and linked to several systemic diseases. Both the periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis ( Pg), and the genetically determined host immune response, are hypothesized to play a crucial role in this association. To identify new target genes for CP and its associated systemic diseases, we investigated the transcriptome induced by Pg in human monocytes using a genome-wide approach. Monocytes were isolated from healthy male volunteers of European origin and challenged with the Pg virulence factor LPS . Array-based gene expression analysis comprising >47,000 transcripts was performed followed by pathway analyses. Transcriptional data were validated by protein and cell surface markers. LPS Pg challenge led to the significant induction of 902 transcripts. Besides known periodontitis-associated targets, several new candidates were identified (CCL23↑, INDO↑, GBP 1/4↑, CFB↑, ISG20↑, MIR155HG↑, DHRS9↓). Moreover, various transcripts correspond to the host immune response, and have been linked to cancer, atherosclerosis and arthritis, thus highlighting the systemic impact of CP. Protein data of immunological markers validated our results. The present findings expand understanding of Pg elicited immune responses, and indicate new target genes and pathways of relevance to diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
We measure the spin-flip tunneling rates in GaAs-based double quantum dots by time-resolved charge detection of two electrons in the Pauli spin blockade regime. With the orientation of the double quantum dot device, we are able to select the direction of the electron momentum with respect to the crystallographic axes of the sample, and thereby the amplitude and direction of the spin-orbit field experienced by the tunnelin electron. The dependence of the spin-flip tunneling rate on the tunnel-coupling is sensitive to the strength of the spin-orbit interaction in the chosen direction. We find different strengths depending on the crystallographic orientation of the double quantum dot, which is a consequence of the anisotropy of the spin-orbit interaction. With a given orientation, we further measure the anisotropy of the spin-flip tunneling rate induced by rotating the external in-plane magnetic field, thereby changing the angle between the spin quantization axis and the perturbing spin-orbit field. We find a suppressed spin-flip tunneling rate for electrons tunneling along the $[\bar{1}10]$ crystallographic direction compared to the $[110]$ direction, indicating that $\alpha \approx \beta$. At high magnetic fields, we measure resonant spin-flip tunnelling, which we can suppress almost completely by orienting the in-plane field perpendicular to the spin-orbit field.
Hybrid systems comprising superconducting and semiconducting materials are promising architectures for quantum computing. Superconductors induce long-range interactions between the spin degrees of freedom of semiconducting quantum dots. These interactions are widely anisotropic when the semiconductor material has strong spin-orbit interactions. We show that this anisotropy is tunable and enables fast and high-fidelity two-qubit gates between singlet-triplet (ST) spin qubits. Our design is immune to leakage of the quantum information into noncomputational states and removes always-on interactions between the qubits, thus resolving key open challenges for these architectures. Our ST qubits do not require additional technologically demanding components nor fine-tuning of parameters. They operate at low magnetic fields of a few millitesla and are fully compatible with superconductors. By suppressing systematic errors in realistic devices, we estimate infidelities below ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, which could pave the way toward large-scale hybrid superconducting-semiconducting quantum processors.
We demonstrate an experimental method for measuring quantum state degeneracies in bound state energy spectra. The technique is based on the general principle of detailed balance, and the ability to perform precise and efficient measurements of energy-dependent tunnelling-in and -out rates from a reservoir. The method is realized using a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot allowing for the detection of time-resolved single-electron tunnelling with a precision enhanced by a feedback-control. It is thoroughly tested by tuning orbital and spin-degeneracies with electric and magnetic fields. The technique also lends itself for studying the connection between the ground state degeneracy and the lifetime of the excited states.
The authors study phonon emission processes induced by single electrons tunneling between two energetically offset quantum dot levels, focusing on extracting the electron-phonon coupling strength in semiconductors. The paper shows contributions from piezoelectricity and deformation potential to reveal oscillations of the electron tunneling rate as a function of energy offset
In a quantum Hall ferromagnet, the spin polarization of the two-dimensional electron system can be dynamically transferred to nuclear spins in its vicinity through the hyperfine interaction. The resulting nuclear field typically acts back locally, modifying the local electronic Zeeman energy. Here we report a non-local effect arising from the interplay between nuclear polarization and the spatial structure of electronic domains in a $\nu=2/3$ fractional quantum Hall state. In our experiments, we use a quantum point contact to locally control and probe the domain structure of different spin configurations emerging at the spin phase transition. Feedback between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom gives rise to memristive behavior, where electronic transport through the quantum point contact depends on the history of current flow. We propose a model for this effect which suggests a novel route to studying edge states in fractional quantum Hall systems and may account for so-far unexplained oscillatory electronic-transport features observed in previous studies.
Summary Prophylactic effect of specific egg yolk antibodies in diarrhea of weaned piglets caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4) In this study, the protective effect of specific egg yolk antibodies on diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4) was investigated with 179 weaning piglets in a double‐blind field trial. The piglets were divided into three groups. The antibody group received egg powder with specific antibodies to E. coli K88, K99, 987P, and rotavirus, while one control group was fed with egg powder without specific antibodies and a second control group received no egg powder at all. The piglets were fed ad libitum. The egg powder was offered in a 5% feed ration. Compared with the control groups, the piglets of the antibody group showed significant differences (P < 0.05, X 2 ‐test) in the parameters rate of diarrhea (17.2%) (antibody group) to 60.7% (control egg group) or 56.7% (control group without egg powder), severity of symptoms (5.2–39.3% or 26.7%) and frequency of additional treatments (8.6–55.7% or 51.7%). Because of the additional treatments, no difference could be found in body‐weight gain. In control groups, three piglets died, while no pigs died in the antibody group. Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde bei 179 Absatzferkeln die prophylaktische Wirkung von spezifischen Dotterantikörpern auf Escherichia coli K88‐bedingte Durchfallerkrankungen in einem Doppelblindversuch überprüft. Die Absatzferkel wurden in drei Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Ak‐Pulver‐Gruppe erhielt Volleipulver mit spezifischen Antikörpern gegen E. coli K88, K99 und 987P sowie Rotaviren, während eine Kontrollgruppe Volleipulver ohne spezifische Antikörper (Ko‐Pulver‐Gruppe) und eine weitere Kontrollgruppe (Kontroll‐Gruppe) kein Eipulver bekam. Die Eipulver wurden jeweils in einer 5%igen Zumischung den Ferkeln ad libitum angeboten. Im Vergleich zu den Kontrollgruppen zeigten die Ferkel der Ak‐Pulver‐Gruppe signifikante Unterschiede (P < 0,05, X 2 ‐Test) bei den Parametern Durchfallinzidenz (17,2% (Ak‐Pulver‐Gruppe) zu 60,7% (Ko‐Pulver‐Gruppe) bzw. 56,7% (Kontroll‐Gruppe), Auftreten von Störungen des Allgemeinbefindens (5,2–39,3% bzw. 26,7%) und Anzahl der zusätzlich notwendigen Therapiemaßnahmen (8,6–55,7% bzw. 51,7%). Aufgrund der zusätzlichen Behandlungen war die Körpergewichtsentwicklung unbeeinflußt. In den Kontrollgruppen starben drei Ferkel, während in der Antikörper‐Gruppe keine Verluste zu verzeichnen waren.
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