To evaluate the effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on clinical prognosis by exploring changes in endothelial cell injury markers and inflammatory factors in patients with sepsis after treatment with rhTPO. This retrospective observational study involved patients with sepsis (diagnosed according to Sepsis 3.0) admitted to Shanghai General Hospital intensive care unit from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022. Patients were divided into two groups (control and rhTPO) according to whether they received rhTPO. Baseline information, clinical data, prognosis, and survival status of the patients, as well as inflammatory factors and immune function indicators were collected. The main monitoring indicators were endothelial cell-specific molecule (ESM-1), human heparin-binding protein (HBP), and CD31; secondary monitoring indicators were interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, extravascular lung water index, platelet, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and international normalized ratio. We used intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a mouse model of sepsis. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal saline, LPS, LPS + rhTPO, and LPS + rhTPO + LY294002. Plasma indicators in mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 84 patients were included in the study. After 7 days of treatment, ESM-1 decreased more significantly in the rhTPO group than in the control group compared with day 1 (38.6 [interquartile range, IQR: 7.2 to 67.8] pg/mL vs. 23.0 [IQR: −15.7 to 51.5] pg/mL, P=0.008). HBP and CD31 also decreased significantly in the rhTPO group compared with the control group (59.6 [IQR: −1.9 to 91.9] pg/mL vs. 2.4 [IQR: −23.2 to 43.2] pg/mL; 2.4 [IQR: 0.4 to 3.5] pg/mL vs. −0.6 [IQR: −2.2 to 0.8] pg/mL, P <0.001). Inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α decreased more significantly in the rhTPO group than in the control group compared with day 1 (46.0 [IQR: 15.8 to 99.1] pg/mL vs. 31.2 [IQR: 19.7 to 171.0] pg/mL, P <0.001; 17.2 [IQR: 6.4 to 23.2] pg/mL vs. 0.0 [IQR: 0.0 to 13.8] pg/mL, P=0.010). LPS + rhTPO-treated mice showed significantly lower vascular von Willebrand factor (P=0.003), vascular endothelial growth factor (P=0.002), IL-6 (P <0.001), and TNF-α (P <0.001) than mice in the LPS group. Endothelial cell damage factors vascular von Willebrand factor (P=0.012), vascular endothelial growth factor (P=0.001), IL-6 (P <0.001), and TNF-α (P=0.001) were significantly elevated by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. rhTPO alleviates endothelial injury and inflammatory indices in sepsis, and may regulate septic endothelial cell injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway.
1. This experiment investigated the anti-apoptosis effects and the mechanism of aspirin action in the heat shock response of chicken myocardial cells in vivo, via changes in the heat stress (HS) protein Hsp90 and the rate of apoptosis. Broiler chickens were administered aspirin (1 mg/kg body weight) 2 h before exposure to HS, and then exposed to 40 ± 1°C for 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 24 h. 2. The induction and consumption of the HS factor heat shock factor (HSF)-1, and reductions of HSF-2 and HSF-3 induced by HS led to a delay in Hsp90 expression. HSF-1, 2 and 3 regulation of hsp90 expression in turn inhibited the synthesis and activation of protein kinase β (Akt), which resulted in a significant increase in caspase-3 at 2 and 10 h, caspase-9 from 1 to 7 h (except at 5 h), and the heat-stressed apoptosis of the myocardial cells. 3. Administration of aspirin changed the expression patterns of HSF-1, 2 and 3 such that the expression of Hsp90 protein was significantly upregulated (by 2.3-4.1 times compared with that of the non-treated cells). The resultant increase in Akt expression and activation, compared with the HS group, inhibited caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities and reduced the myocardial cells apoptosis rate (by 2.14-2.56 times). 4. Aspirin administration could inhibit heat-stressed apoptosis of myocardial cells in vivo and may be closely associated with its promotion of HS response of chicken hearts, especially Hsp90 expression.
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a cosmopolitan oil crop, is susceptible to a variety of pathogens, especially Aspergillus flavus L., which not only vastly reduce the quality of peanut products but also seriously threaten food safety for the contamination of aflatoxin. However, the key genes related to resistance to Aspergillus flavus L. in peanuts remain unclear. This study identifies hub genes positively associated with resistance to A. flavus in two genotypes by comparative transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method. Compared with susceptible genotype (Zhonghua 12, S), the rapid response to A. flavus and quick preparation for the translation of resistance-related genes in the resistant genotype (J-11, R) may be the drivers of its high resistance. WGCNA analysis revealed that 18 genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins (PR10), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO1), MAPK kinase, serine/threonine kinase (STK), pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), cytochrome P450, SNARE protein SYP121, pectinesterase, phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, and pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein play major and active roles in peanut resistance to A. flavus. Collectively, this study provides new insight into resistance to A. flavus by employing WGCNA, and the identification of hub resistance-responsive genes may contribute to the development of resistant cultivars by molecular-assisted breeding.
This paper analyzes the automotive vibration energy harvesting piezoelectric suspension system using frequency-domain analysis. The working principle of the piezoelectric device in series with the suspension spring is explained, and an automotive vibration model incorporating the piezoelectric suspension is established. Three types of vibration response quantities and their root mean square (RMS) values in the frequency domain are proposed as a method to analyze the conventional vibration performance, vibration piezoelectric performance, and vibration energy consumption performance of the piezoelectric suspension system in automobiles.By conducting simulations, power spectral density curves and RMS values of the three types of vibration response quantities are obtained under different operating conditions. The average power dissipation of energy is compared for different road grades and vehicle speeds. The results indicate that the discharge process of the piezoelectric suspension is characterized by high voltage and low current. The piezoelectric suspension, which consists of the piezoelectric device in series with the suspension spring, no longer requires the use of dampers and can achieve parallel functionality with the dampers and suspension spring in a conventional automobile. The piezoelectric suspension exhibits relatively low average power dissipation of vibration energy during urban driving conditions, meeting the economic requirements of suspension design.
1. Global warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Information about how variable temperature affects insect life‐history traits is still scarce. 2. The current study first evaluated the effects of two variable‐temperature treatments [high‐temperature‐variation (HT) treatments and mild‐temperature‐variation (MT) treatments] on the life‐history traits of a maternal generation (F 0 ) of Rhopalosiphum padi , a serious global pest, using a constant normal‐temperature (NT) treatment as a control. Following this, the life‐history traits of the offspring generation (F 1 ) under the NT, MT and HT scenarios were analysed. 3. The total developmental duration of the aphid F 0 generation was significantly shortened by MT treatments, while it was significantly increased by HT treatments. Adult longevity and the fecundity of F 0 were significantly decreased by HT treatments compared with those in the MT and NT treatments, whereas no significant difference was found between the latter two treatments. The HT treatments applied to the F 0 generation significantly prolonged the total developmental duration of the F 1 generation. The offspring adult longevity was not affected by the mothers' temperature experience. The offspring fecundity was significantly increased when the F 0 generation experienced MT treatments. The intrinsic rate of increase ( r m ) was significantly decreased when the F 0 generation experienced an HT scenario. However, the MT scenario experienced by the F 0 generation did not significantly affect the r m of their offspring. 4. The results will provide new insights into the effects of variable maternal temperature on the individual development and population dynamics of offspring under a global warming scenario.
Interleukin (IL)-17 is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is an endothelial cell-secreted protein known to inhibit IL-17 expression. However, little is known about the association between Del-1 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood samples collected from allergic asthmatic patients and controls, we explored the role of Del-1 in relation to IL-17 in allergic asthma. We found that the negative correlation between Del-1 and IL-17 was significant in BALF of allergic asthmatics. Del-1 treatment inhibited the expression of IL-17, the differentiation of IL-17-secreting leukocytes and associated cytokines. Contrarily, IL-17 levels were increased after treatment with anti-Del-1 mAb. Consistent with this, Del-1 treatment led to downregulation of IL-5, CCL5 and IL-4, thus reducing secretion of eosinophil cationic protein. Furthermore, Del-1 significantly downregulated the expression of ICAM-1 and may have the potential to reduce leukocyte transendothelial migration. Our data demonstrate that Del-1 can negatively regulate IL-17 and its proinflammatory function, thereby limiting airway inflammation in allergic asthmatics, and suggest Del-1 as a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of allergic asthma.
In this study, a Gram-negative bacterium was isolated from diseased Scylla paramamosain and tentatively named strain QX17. The bacterial isolate was identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and molecular identification with the 16S rRNA and HSP60 genes. In the challenge experiment, S. paramamosain injected intramuscularly with the V. parahaemolyticus isolate developed pathological signs similar to the naturally diseased mud crabs. The infection experiment also showed that the median lethal dosage (LD 50 ) for QX17 was 4.79 × 10 2 CFU g -1 (crab weight). Histopathological analysis of the diseased mud crabs infected with V. parahaemolyticus showed deformation and basement membrane rupture of hepatopancreatic tubules in the hepatopancreas, and disordered and broken muscle fiber in the muscle. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that QX17 was highly sensitive to most of the tested aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and quinolones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting isolation and antibiotic sensitivities of V. parahaemolyticus from cultured mud crabs. The discovery of V. parahaemolyticus in cultured mud crabs not only adds to the growing list of emerging pathogens in crab aquaculture in China, but also highlights the necessity of developing early detection strategies and appropriate interventions to reduce the damage caused by V. parahaemolyticus in mud crab aquaculture.
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