Red blood cell proton relaxation times T 1 and T 2 were measured in samples from chronic alcoholic patients abstinent for varying periods from 1 week to over 6 months. T 1 and T 2 were elevated in the early stages of abstinence and declined to the values of controls after 8 weeks. Changes in the water content of the red blood cells and the mean corpuscular volume paralleled these changes but were more closely associated with T 2 . It is suggested that T 1 and T 2 may reflect different aspects in water content and free‐to‐bound ratio of water. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of changes previously observed in the brains of alcoholic patients, and in rats fed a diet supplemented with alcohol for 6 months.
Abstract In the cdaA1 temperature‐sensitive mutant cell line of Tetrahymena thermophila , growth occurs at the restrictive temperature of 35°C without proper coordination of cytoskeletal structures, resulting in large and irregularly shaped “monsters.” This disturbed development has helped to elucidate some rules governing cortical morphogenesis in this species. Within the cdaA1 cortex, the individual ciliary row may grow independently with respect to other parts of the cortex. Local growth of the cortex is morphologically visualized as a local increase in the rate of basal body proliferation and elongation of the longitudinal microtubular (LM) band. It results in looplike, three‐dimensional projections that appear at various parts of the cell cortex. After the apical break of the ciliary row with the parallel LM band, these projections become long, fingerlike, and sharply pointed structures. During its formation, an individual protrusion does not change its location within the cell latitude and longitude. The row by row autonomy and the intrinsic polarity of growth of the ciliary row have been demonstrated. Analysis of further growth in length revealed that in 90% of cases, the free (‐) end of the anterior segment of the broken ciliary row in a protrusion actively elongates, irrespective of the latitude at which protrusion was located.
The possibility that the disposition of subsets of proteins within the cell can retain memory traces and may act therefore in a computational role has been advanced and more recently refined by Bray ( Nature (1995) 376, 307–312). The proposition is not without its merits but inevitably has a number of associated difficulties, some of which are discussed in this article. These relate to the nature of the computational units envisaged (analog vs digital), their limitations in the number of stable patterns they can accommodate, the reliance on diffusion at the molecular level as the ‘governing principle’, and the complication of the turnover of proteins through degradative mechanisms. These issues suggest that certain modifications of the original model are required.
Most cancer researchers regularly practice the responsible conduct of research (RCR) without consciously considering it. As professional scientists, we simply do what we are trained to do. However, as we train a new generation of cancer researchers in our laboratories, we must be vigilant against undue complacency. In an age when misconduct in research is receiving more media attention than ever before, we should periodically take a moment of pause and reflect upon the meaning and practice of responsibly conducting research. Rather than meeting minimum standards in a compliance-driven manner, we should practice forethought and periodically consider how we can improve. We, as leaders in cancer research, must then push our peers to do the same. By embedding RCR into the culture of cancer research through a multilayer approach, including regular assessment at the levels of individual research groups, departmentally, and institutionally, we will become a model discipline in the responsible conduct of research.
SUMMARY Virus-like particles have been found closely associated with the centrioles in CHO-K1 and CHO-10 cells but not in other cell lines. They are spherical and measure 55 to 65 nm in overall diam.; their central cores of about 35 to 40 nm diam. sometimes appear hollow and sometimes dense. An amorphous matrix similar to that surrounding the centrioles is found around the particles. The possibility that they represent a type-A virus is discussed.
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