Abstract Moringa is a type of plant that is used both for medicinal and food. Moringa seed (MS) are rich in volatile oil and have initially been employed to treat diseases of the nervous system. Insomnia, a prevalent neurological disorder, has led to this study's aim: to extract the essential oil from MS and analyze its potential to improve sleep. This study utilized petroleum ether for the thermal extraction of the essential oil from MS, which was then subjected to compositional analysis using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS). P‐chlorophenyl alanine (PCPA) was used to induce an insomnia model in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Following the successful establishment of the model, the MS essential oil was administered at concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 2.5% to investigate its sedative and hypnotic effects. The efficacy of the MS essential oil was assessed by observing the general condition of rats in each group, conducting an open field test, a pentobarbital sodium righting test, and measuring the serum 5‐HT (5‐hydroxytryptamine) levels and hypothalamic GABA (γ‐aminobutyric acid) content. GC–MS analysis of the MS essential oil revealed a rich composition, including oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, stigmasterol, and γ‐stigmasterol, among other substances. Through the assessment of the rats' general condition, behavioral tests, and blood biochemical assays, it was inferred that MS essential oil aromatherapy can reduce the rat's locomotor activity, increase their interest in activity and exploration, enhance the serum 5‐HT levels, and elevate hypothalamic GABA content. Consequently, it can be concluded that MS essential oil has a sedative and hypnotic effect.
Nidulaxanthone A (1), a xanthone dimer bearing an unprecedented heptacyclic 6/6/6/6/6/6/6 system, together with a new monomeric nidulalin D (2) and four known analogues (3,4,5and6), were isolated fromAspergillussp. F029.
Gases such as hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide and sulfur dioxide have important regulatory effects on the endocrine and physiological processes of the body and are collectively referred to as “gas signaling molecules”. These gas signaling molecules are also closely related to Alzheimer’s disease, the inflammatory response and depression. In this paper, we introduce the production and metabolic pathways of NO, H 2 S and SO 2 in living organisms and review the regulatory functions of gas signaling molecules in the endocrine system and their mechanisms in relation to their clinical applications. This work will provide a basis for finding targets for intervention and establishing novel prevention and treatment strategies for related diseases.
(1) Background: Myostatin (MSTN) is a protein that regulates skeletal muscle development and plays a crucial role in maintaining animal body composition and muscle structure. The loss-of-function mutation of MSTN gene can induce the muscle hypertrophic phenotype. (2) Methods: Growth indexes and blood parameters of the cattle of different months were analyzed via multiple linear regression. (3) Results: Compared with the control group, the body shape parameters of F2 cattle were improved, especially the body weight, cross height, and hip height, representing significant development of hindquarters, and the coat color of the F2 generation returned to the yellow of Luxi cattle. As adults, MSTN gene-edited bulls have a tall, wide acromion and a deep, wide chest. Both the forequarters and hindquarters are double-muscled with clear muscle masses. The multiple linear regression demonstrates that MSTN gene-edited hybrid beef cattle gained weight due to the higher height of the hindquarters. Significant differences in blood glucose, calcium, and low-density lipoprotein. Serum insulin levels decreased significantly at 24 months of age. MSTN gene editing improves the adaptability of cattle. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that breeding with MSTN gene-edited Luxi bulls can improve the growth and performance of hybrid cattle, with potential benefits for both farmers and consumers.
A new diketopiperazine cyclo-(L-Phe-N-ethyl-L-Glu) (1), along with two known diketopiperazines cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu) (2) and cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (3) were isolated from the cultures of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus aculeatus F027. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. The configurations of these compounds were determined by advanced Marfey's analysis. Antibacterial activity of the diketopiperazines against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also evaluated.Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1677652.
Fuzi (Aconitum carmichaelii Debx) has been traditionally used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China for thousands of years. The total alkaloids of A. carmichaelii (AAC) have been considered as the main medicinal components of fuzi, whereas its underlying anti-UC mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice model, which was consistent with the symptoms and pathological features of human UC, was established to comprehensively evaluate the anti-UC effects of AAC. The results indicated that AAC effectively improved the weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), spleen hyperplasia, and colon shortening, and thus alleviated the symptoms of UC mice. Meanwhile, AAC not only inhibited the MPO enzyme and the abnormal secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17A) and suppressed the overexpression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) of mRNA but also reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK, and the protein expressions of NF-κB, IκB-α, STAT3, and JAK2 in the colon tissue. Furthermore, the LC-MS/MS quantitative determination suggested that the three low toxic monoester alkaloids were higher in both contents and proportion than that of the three high toxic diester alkaloids. Additionally, molecular docking was hired to investigate the interactions between alkaloid-receptor complexes, and it suggested the three monoester alkaloids exhibited higher binding affinities with the key target proteins of MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3. Our finding showcased the noteworthy anti-UC effects of AAC based on the MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway, which would provide practical and edge-cutting background information for the development and utilization of A. carmichaelii as a potential natural anti-UC remedy.
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