Pleural involvement in paragonimiasis is relatively common, either unilateral or bilateral, and may occur without pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates. Common radiologic findings of pleural paragonimiasis are pleuraleffusion, pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, empyema and pleural thickening. However pleural calcification as a manifestation of paragonimiasis is a rare condition. We report two cases of paragonimiasis manifested only as pleural calcifications which were confirmed pathologically.
Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features associated with re-excision due to the presence of a positive margin after breast conserving therapy (BCT) in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 286 consecutive breast cancer patients who received BCT between January 2006 and December 2007. Among 246 patients who had undergone BCT, 38 (15.4%) underwent immediate further surgery due to positive margin status. We analyzed the MRI findings using χ 2 test, Fisher’s exact test and t tests. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted for prediction of re-excision. Results: Tumor size (p < 0.001), lesion multiplicity (p = 0.003), and non-mass-like enhancement (NMLE) type on MRI (p < 0.001) were associated with margin involvement in BCT. On preoperative MRI, larger size (≥ 5 cm) (odds ratio = 2.96), NMLE (odds ratio = 3.81), and multifocal lesions (odds ratio = 2.54) were positively associated with re-excision. In cases involving NMLE, segmental distribution was associated with a greater likelihood of immediate re-excision. Conclusion: Larger size, multiplicity, and NMLE on MRI are significantly associated with re-excision after BCT in breast
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in Korean women, and its incidence is increasing at a rapid rate. Since 1996, the Korean Breast Cancer Society has collected nationwide breast cancer data using an online registration program and analyzed the data biennial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of Korean breast cancer and to analyze changes in these characteristics over the period of time.Data were collected from 41 medical schools (74 hospitals), 24 general hospitals, and 6 private clinics. Data on the total number, gender, and age of newly-diagnosed breast cancer patients were collected through a questionnaire. Additional data were collected and analyzed from the online database.In 2010, 16,398 patients in Korea were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The crude incidence rate of female breast cancer was 67.2 cases per 100,000, and the median age at diagnosis was 49 years. The incidence of breast cancer was highest in patients aged between 40 and 49 years. Since 1996, there has been a significant increase in the proportion of early-stage cancers (detected in stage 1 or 2), the percentage of estrogen receptor-positive cancers, and in the proportion of patients receiving breast-conserving surgery.The incidence and clinical characteristics of Korean breast cancer are slowly changing to the patterns of Western countries. To understand changing patterns in the characteristics of Korean breast cancer, the nationwide data should be continuously analyzed.
To evaluate the normal thickness of the thyrohyoid muscle, which is one of the key muscles related to swallowing, by ultrasonography.The thickness of the left and right thyrohyoid muscles was measured in normal male and female adults ranging in age from 20 to 79 years by ultrasonography. The groups were classified according to age as follows: subjects ranging in age from 20 to 39 years were classified into group A, subjects ranging in age from 40 to 59 years were classified into group B, and subjects ranging in age from 60 to 79 years were classified into group C. The measurement level was the line that joins the upper tip of the superior thyroid notch and the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage. Also, a correlation with the thyrohyoid muscle was investigated by collecting information regarding height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, and gender of subjects in the healthy group.The number of subjects in each group was as follows: group A (n=82), group B (n=62), and group C (n=60). Also, the thicknesses of the left and right muscles were 2.72±0.65 mm and 2.87±0.76 mm in group A, 2.83±0.61 mm and 2.93±0.67 mm in group B, and 2.59±054 mm and 2.73±0.55 mm in group C, respectively. Thyrohyoid muscle had a correlation with height, weight, and BMI. The thickness of the left and right thyrohyoid muscles was greater in male subjects than in female subjects and the right side muscle was thicker than the left side muscle.The average thickness of the left and right thyrohyoid muscles was 3.20±0.54 mm in male subjects and 2.34±0.37 mm in female subjects. The thickness of the thyrohyoid muscle was positively correlated with height, weight, and BMI, and the thyrohyoid muscle was thicker in male subjects than in female subjects and the right side muscle was thicker than the left side muscle.
Objective:The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation between upper extremity strength and oral health in stroke patients, as well as to determine the need for improvement in oral health measures, including rehabilitation to enhance upper extremity strength, and education and training for patients and their guardians related to oral hygiene. Methods:To evaluate the oral health of stroke patients, we performed an examination of oral health and survey of oral hygiene behavior.Using the Oral Health Assessment Tool, an examiner evaluated oral health using a dental mirror.The upper extremity muscle strength was also assessed using the Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) grading system.Results: Patients with higher-grade upper extremity muscle strength had better oral health.Patients with higher MMT grades were more likely to brush their teeth independently, and more often, compared to those with lower grades. Conclusion:The MMT grade of patients with chronic stroke was significantly related to the oral health.Therefore, to improve oral health, patients should receive oral hygiene education and rehabilitation to increase their MMT grade.Combined efforts by rehabilitation and dental departments are required to improve the oral health of chronic stroke patients.
Rottlerin (mallotoxin) is a polyphenolic compound in Mallotus philippensis. The anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, and mitochondrial uncoupling regulation effects of rottlerin have been known. However, the anti-obesity effect was not reported yet. Thus, we hypothesized that rottlerin would suppress body fat accumulation in obesity-induced mice. Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% kcal from fat) ad libitum for 8 weeks. Mice were randomly assigned to five groups as follows: 1) normal diet (18% kcal from fat), 2) negative control (60% kcal from fat), 3) rottlerin 10 (HFD + rottlerin 10 mg/kg bw), 4) rottlerin 20 (HFD + 20 mg/kg bw), 5) positive control (HFD + metformin 150 mg/kg bw). Rottlerin was daily supplemented by oral gavage. Body weight and feed intake were measured each week. Body weight and weight gain were reduced in rottlerin 20 compared to the control (P < 0.001). Body fat mass was also significantly decreased by rottlerin (P < 0.05). Total feed intake and lean mass were similar among HFD groups. Furthermore, energy expenditure was dose-dependently facilitated by rottlerin. RNA-sequencing results supported these findings that rottlerin 20 up-regulated fatty acid beta-oxidation, heat generation, and brown cell differentiation in white-adipose tissues. Rottlerin promoted a catabolic pathway such as lipolysis, thermogenesis, and oxidation in white adipose tissues. Moreover, non-esterified fatty acid levels were decreased by rottlerin (P < 0.05), and hepatic triglyceride contents tended to decline in rottlerin 20 without hepatotoxicity. Non-shivering thermogenesis enzymes, PRDM16 (P = 0.06) and UCP1 (P < 0.01), were stimulated by rottlerin. Rottlerin supplementation altered body adiposity accumulation via enhancing fat utilization, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in obese mice. We suggest that rottlerin is a potent nutraceutical for anti-obesity. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT; MSIT).
The vitreous humor was examined using LED, one of the non-invasive techniques. An acute-angle flare-out-blasting status with continuous broaden conversion was confirmed by irradiating a certain amount of LED on a round hemisphere. It was judged that twinkle-disparity cognition level (TDCL) was formed by several broaden cognition functions of the scattered signal generated for a few seconds from the irradiated LED. Flare-out-blasting was configured as a system according to the level of cognition, and a rugged conveyance technique was used to confirm the experimental conditions of the twinkle tactile-dot. The degree of scattering caused by the surrounding micro-vessels and foreign substances in the vitreous humor was different according to the tactile-dot level. The maximum average value formed in the flare-out-blasting status was calculated as the result value as a result of the acutely converted output of the TDCL. Broaden tactile-dot blasting presented broaden far transition value of Br-CF-FA-?MAX-AVG with 8.49±(-0.22) units. Broaden convenient transition value presented Br-CF-CO-?MAX-AVG with 2.08±(-0.84) units. Broaden flank transition value presented Br-CF-BR-?MAX-AVG with 1.03±(-0.35) units. Broaden vicinage transition value presented Br-CF-VI-?MAX-AVG with 0.16±(-0.02) units. TDCL formed in the flare-out-blasting status expanded the cognition level to form a tactile-dot. The ability of the broaden cognition function to be scattered according to the acute-angle in the flare-out-blasting function was evaluated. It was confirmed that the twinkle-disparity function necessary for the cognition level system appeared by using a rugged conveyance to examine the vitreous humor with a non-invasive rugged conveyance technique. These physical findings made it possible to characterize broaden cognition function in vitreous humor and laid the based on utilizing flare-out-blasting level data by the flare-out cognition system.
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