This paper presents a method that can track non-rigid moving objects using adaptive particle filter based on spatiograms. Particle filters offer a probabilistic framework for dynamic state estimation and have proven to work well in target tracking. Two key components of particle filters are observation models and motion models. Firstly, because the observation model based on general color histograms discards the spatial information of images, the accuracy of the observation model is decreased. We adopt a proper observation model based on spatiograms which are histograms augmented with spatial means and covariances to capture a richer description of targets and increase robustness in tracking. Secondly, approximate fixed motion models used in practice, such as unrestricted random walking model with fixed noise variance, are not accurate enough. To overcome this problem, we adopt the adaptive multivariate autoregressive models which are computed via the regression analysis. The proposed adaptive motion models can adjust the model order, process noise variance and model parameters automatically. Also, the number of particles is adjusted automatically. The experiments show that the proposed algorithm can effectively track moving objects and increase the robustness in tracking. Its performance is compared with that of the general particle filtering algorithm to demonstrate the advantages of the new method.
By using a dc-slice imaging technique, photodissociation of 1,2-C2H4BrCl was investigated at 800 nm looking for heteronuclear unimolecular ion elimination of BrCl+ in an 80 fs laser field. The occurrence of fragment ion BrCl+ in the mass spectrum verified the existence of a unimolecular decomposition channel of BrCl+ in this experiment. The relative quantum yield of the BrCl+ channel was measured to be 0.8%. By processing and analyzing the velocity and angular distributions obtained from the corresponding sliced images of BrCl+ and its partner ion C2H4+, we concluded that BrCl+ came from Coulomb explosion of the 1,2-bromochloroethane dication 1,2-C2H4BrCl2+. With the aid of quantum chemical calculations at the M06-2X/def2-TZVP level, the potential energy surface for BrCl+ detachment from 1,2-C2H4BrCl2+ has been examined in detail. According to the ab initio calculations, two transition state structures tended to correlate with the reactant 1,2-C2H4BrCl2+ and the products BrCl+ + C2H4+. In this entire dissociation process, the C-Br and C-Cl bond lengths were observed to elongate asymmetrically, that is, the C-Br chemical bond broke firstly, and subsequently a new Br-Cl chemical bond started to emerge while the C-Cl bond continued to exist for a while. Hence, an asynchronous concerted elimination mechanism was favored for BrCl+ detachment.
We report on a sub-THz source based on Schottky diodes integrated with compound planar antenna structures whose function is to radiate a frequency multiplied tone from a received fundamental, devices which we term multennas. The multennas studied are optimized to frequency multiply from 0.1 to 0.3 THz. A high-power clinotron oscillator provides the circa 0.1 THz c.w. radiation input: this is focused onto the multenna by a quasi-optical network. A VNA-based receiver system analyses the output. Two different multenna structures are characterized in terms of signal strength and conversion efficiency. The main details of the computational optimization approach and array design are also outlined.
In view of the the imperfection of design method of asphalt overlay on old cement under heavy-load traffic, and with the background of a successful practice of repaving improvement project in Xia Jiaying-Fen Yang expressway, this article analyzes the mechanical response of the old cement concrete road slab and the overlay, takes the influence of the void under slab on the life expectancy of asphalt overlay into account, and advances the mechanistic-empirical design process of asphalt overlay under heavy-load traffic. In comparison with Chinese standard, this method takes the influence of old concrete pavement on the reflective cracking of overlay into consideration, which ensures that there is no reflective cracking on the overlay in 3 years.
In this paper, we propose a novel efficiency-optimized charge pump for AMOLED display driver IC. In our design, we not only present a switching-voltage dynamic adjustment technique, but also utilize a dynamic biasing method to minimize the on-resistance of the switches, and improve the efficiency of the proposed charge pump. To verified our design, a prototype charge pump has been fabricated by Nuvoton 0.35-μm 2P3M BCD process. The experimental results show that when the values of load current are respectively 0mA, 60mA and 120mA, the efficiencies of our proposed charge pump are effectively improved by 17.78%, 18.46%, and 18.6% compared to the conventional charge pump.
Abstract A ddressing the issue of large prediction error in short-term load prediction of existing neural network models, this study proposes a short-term load forecasting approach that combines fuzzy C-mean clustering and a two-way gated recurrent neural network model. Fuzzy C-mean clustering is first applied to cluster the original data into three typical days, and the grouped data are trained using a bidirectional gated recurrent neural network model for load prediction. The conclusive experiment demonstrates that the proposed approach introduced in this study exhibits a high prediction accuracy in the context of short-term photovoltaic output forecasting, and there is also a substantial error reduction compared with the existing neural network methods.
In order to improve the economy of integrated energy system operation and the level of new energy consumption, this paper proposes a day-ahead scheduling model for integrated energy system with demand response and responsible consumption weights. First, mathematical models of incentive-based demand response, customer satisfaction, responsible consumption of new energy as well as each device are constructed based on mathematical methods. Second, objective functions considering demand response costs, green certificate costs and system operating costs are established, the constraints on the grid, heat network and devices are established. Finally, a comparative simulation of the two scenarios is established, and the simulation results show that the model proposed can effectively improve the level of new energy consumption while ensuring the economy of system operation in this paper.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0v30h60V0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='6' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='4' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='10' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='6' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
