Purpose: This study aimed to explore significant genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (sPNET). Materials and methods: Gene expression profile of GSE14295 was downloaded from publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out in primary sPNET samples compared with normal fetal and adult brain reference samples (sPNET vs fetal brain and sPNET vs adult brain). Pathway enrichment analysis of these DEGs was conducted, followed by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction and significant module selection. Additionally, transcription factors (TFs) regulating the common DEGs in the two comparison groups were identified, and the regulatory network was constructed. Results: In total, 526 DEGs (99 up- and 427 downregulated) in sPNET vs fetal brain and 815 DEGs (200 up- and 615 downregulated) in sPNET vs adult brain were identified. DEGs in sPNET vs fetal brain and sPNET vs adult brain were associated with calcium signaling pathway, cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathway. CDK1 , CDC20 , BUB1B , and BUB1 were hub nodes in the PPI networks of DEGs in sPNET vs fetal brain and sPNET vs adult brain. Significant modules were extracted from the PPI networks. In addition, 64 upregulated and 200 downregulated overlapping DEGs were identified in both sPNET vs fetal brain and sPNET vs adult brain. The genes involved in the regulatory network upon overlapping DEGs and the TFs were correlated with calcium signaling pathway. Conclusion: Calcium signaling pathway and several genes ( CDK1 , CDC20 , BUB1B , and BUB1 ) may play important roles in the pathogenesis of sPNET. Keywords: primitive neuroectodermal tumor, microarray analysis, protein-protein interaction, transcription factors
Fluoro-ruby was injected into the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord in the cervical (C5-T2) and lumbar (L3-6) segments of adult guinea pigs. The spinal cord was cut into serial frozen sections. The Fluoro-ruby labeling was clearly delineated from the surrounding structure. The labeling traversed the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments, and was located on the ventral portion of the posterior funiculus on the injected side, proximal to the intermediate zone of the dorsal gray matter. The fluorescence area narrowed rostro-caudally. The spinal cord, spinal cord gray matter and corticospinal tract were reconstructed using 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software, resulting in a robust three-dimensional profile. Using functionality provided by the reconstruction software, free multi-angle observation and sectioning could be conducted on the spinal cord and corticospinal tract. Our experimental findings indicate that the Fluoro-ruby retrograde fluorescent tracing technique can accurately display the anatomical location of corticospinal tract in the guinea pig and that three-dimensional reconstruction software can be used to provide a three-dimensional image of the corticospinal tract.
Objectives Use a Bayesian network (BN) to evaluate the correlation between blood pressure and plasma aluminum in electrolytic aluminum workers.Methods In 2019, the cluster sampling method was adopted to select workers of an electrolytic aluminum workshop of an aluminum plant in a region and a maintenance workshop of a plant in the same region. The plasma aluminum concentrations of workers were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the association between factors influencing hypertension. The influence of various factors on the prevalence of hypertension was analyzed by the BN. BN construction and learning were based on tabu algorithm using “bnlearn” package of R software, while Netica software was used for BN reasoning and drawing.Results The prevalence of hypertension was 23.95% in the surveyed population. The participants were divided into two groups according to hypertension status. The plasma aluminum concentration was 38.86±2.44 µg/L in the hypertension group and 15.49±3.56 µg/L in the non-hypertension group; thus, the average plasma aluminum concentration in the hypertension group was 2.51 times that in the non-hypertension group. The participants were divided into Q1 (<13.11 μg/L), Q2 (13.11–27.51 μg/L), Q3 (27.51–47.86 μg/L), and Q4 (≥47.86 μg/L). Hypertension group included 5.3% (6/114) of Q1 group and 38.6% (44/114) of Q4 group. Multiple unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, central obesity, diabetes, drinking, smoking, dyslipidemia, and duration of aluminum and plasma aluminum exposures were related to blood pressure. Using BN model analysis, the plasma aluminum level of all participants was lower than 13.11 μg/L, while the prevalence of hypertension was 35.3%. If the plasma aluminum level of all participants was higher than 47.86 μg/L, the prevalence of hypertension was 44.7%. If the plasma aluminum level of all participants is higher than 47.86 μg/L and each reported drinking and smoking, diabetes, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and older age, the prevalence of hypertension was 71.2%.Conclusion According to BN model, the prevalence of hypertension increased significantly with the increase of plasma aluminum level. The risk factors of hypertension in occupational aluminum exposed workers included plasma aluminum >47.86 μg/L, drinking, smoking, diabetes, central obesity, dyslipidemia and age >50 years old.
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