Jin-Seong Park, MD, Juwon Ha, MD, Sewon Lim, MD, PhD, Tae-Suk Kim, MD, PhD, Jee Hyun Ha, MD, PhD, Jong-Woo Paik, MD, PhD, Boung Chul Lee, MD, PhD, Byeong Moo Choe, MD, PhD, Kang-Joon Lee, MD, PhD, Sung-Wan Kim, MD, PhD, Jong-Chul Yang, MD, PhD, Young-Hoon Ko, MD, PhD and Kang-Seob Oh, MD, PhD 1 Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Departments of Psychiatry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Ilsanpaik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
AbstractAbstractThe recycling of scrap aluminium turnings or chips requires preprocessing steps such as thermal degreasing, drying, and removal of other metal impurities on the surface of the scrap. The present study was performed using a thermogravimetric technique to understand the decomposition kinetics of water-machining oil mixtures. The weight loss curves of a water-machining oil mixture showed two distinct inflections over the temperature range studied (room temperature to 500°C), with a residue of oil still remaining at 500°C. Oxidation kinetics were studied and chemical analysis conducted of the oxide surface formed in both dry air and moist air for A356.2 aluminium alloy (Al-7 wt-%Si-O.4 wt-%Mg) using a thermogravimetric technique and Auger electron spectroscopy/X-ray diffraction respectively. The results showed different oxidation rate behaviour between oxidation in dry air and oxidation in moist air at temperatures above 525°C. That is, oxidation in moist air showed a transition of parabolic to linear behaviour which was not observed for oxidation in dry air. Auger electron spectroscopy surface analysis and X-ray diffraction revealed that only aluminium oxide wasformed at 300°C while a duplex film of MgO/Al2O3 formed on the surface of the matrix at relatively high temperatures (550°C).
Sleep can be easily disrupted by variety of conditions. Most of medical illnesses could be a primary condition causing secondary insomnia. The common underlying mechanism of secondary insomnia is presumed to be stress effects on sleep. The assessment and treatment of secondary insomnia are often complicated. Establishing an causal inference between primary condition and insomnia is the key to assessment. However, it can be difficult even for experienced clinicians due to diagnostic ambiguity of secondary insomnia. Therefore, through medical evaluation and integrative understanding of primary condition is essential to manage secondary insomnia properly. Although treatment have been usually focused on the primary medical illnesses per se, nonpharmacologic interventions, such as sleep hygiene, might be effective in many cases.
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the distinctive features of bodily panic symptoms and the predisposing conditions in Korean patients with panic disorder.Methods This was a retrospective chart review study and the data were collected from twelve university-affiliated hospitals in Korea.The patients selected met the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder, were older than 20 years of age, and had initially visited a psychiatry department.The assessments included the chief complaints related to bodily panic symptoms, recent stressors, recent history of alcohol and sleep problems, and time to visit an outpatient clinic.
This study aimed to investigate the possible difference in anxiety-related traits between the generalized and nongeneralized subtypes of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Two hundred seventy-three SAD Korean outpatients completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), the Trait Form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Retrospective Self-Report of Inhibition (RSRI), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) as part of their assessments. The unadjusted total scores of the ASI, STAI-T, RSRI, and LSAS differed between the two subtypes, according to an independent t-test. However, this result was not significant (ASI: F = 2.363, p = 0.127; STAI-T: F = 0.004, p = 0.949; RSRI: F = 1.518, p = 0.220) after adjusting for LSAS total score. The comparison of anxiety-related traits did not show any difference between the subtypes after adjusting for illness severity. These results may suggest that the two SAD subtypes are on a continuum of the same illness, differentiated only by symptom severity.
Objective. There are many differences in biological characteristics, clinical situations, and medical insurance systems with ethnic groups or countries. The Korean Society of Depressive and Bipolar Disorders decided to develop a Korean treatment algorithm for major depressive disorder. Methods. The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Major Depressive Disorder (KMAP-MDD) was designed with the following principles: (1) to be an ideal algorithm, (2) to be a Korean algorithm, (3) to be a medication algorithm, (4) to be an evidence-based and formal consensus algorithm. After collecting and reviewing many literature citations and reports by evidence-based rule, we constructed a survey questionnaire for formal consensus of Korean experts. By employing panels of experts to review the evidence and survey results thoroughly, we used evidence-based algorithm development as a component of a formal consensus development process. Results. We developed two algorithms for the KMA-MDD: one for major depressive disorder without psychotic feature and the other for major depressive disorder with psychotic features. Clinical guidelines for the implementation of KMA-MDD were also developed. The KMA-MDD provides specific treatment strategies for each stage. Conclusions. The KMA-MDD is the first Korean algorithm for treatment of major depressive disorder. It is based on evidence which supports the efficacy of each treatment, and it has obtained the consensus of Korean experts. We hope that the KMA-MDD will be good practical tool for clinicians who treat major depressive disorder in Korea.
There are some studies supporting the association between serum vitamin D level and suicidal idea. Although suicide and vitamin D deficiency are highly prevalent in older persons, only a few studies have been performed in older populations. Our study aims to investigate the association between suicidal ideas and serum vitamin D levels in Korean older workers. From 6,906 Korean workers older than 50 years who attended employee health screenings in the Health Screening Center of one hospital from May 2012 to April 2013, we studied 2,717 subjects who had blood tests for vitamin D and answered the bimodal questionnaire about suicidal idea. Chi-square tests and t-tests were performed to determine differences in serum vitamin D levels and other confounding factors between the participants with and without suicidal idea. Logistic regressions calculated the odds ratios (ORs) of suicidal idea according to serum vitamin D status. We adjusted the regression models for potential confounding variables. From 2,717 participants, 128 (4.7%) had reported having suicidal ideas. The proportions of persons with vitamin D sufficiency (≥20 ng/mL), insufficiency (10–19.99 ng/mL) and deficiency (<10 ng/mL) were 41.3%, 52.3% and 6.4% respectively. No significant difference was found in categorical (χ2 test, p=0.215) vitamin D levels between persons with and without suicidal ideas. The OR of suicidal idea did not show significant differences in the subjects with vitamin D insufficiency (OR=0.753, p=0.127) and deficiency (OR=0.606, p=0.251), compared with the group of vitamin D sufficiency. This lack of association between suicidal idea and vitamin D was consistent after adjustment for confounders (vitamin D insufficiency group: AOR=0.748, p=0.118, vitamin D deficiency group: AOR=0.533, p=0.155). The results from this large cross-sectional study showed that serum vitamin D levels were not significantly associated with suicidal ideas in Korean older workers. Further researches are needed to verify the association between vitamin D and suicidal idea in older adults.
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia severity, depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity and to find out the explanatory variables that account for the insomnia severity among depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity in general population. 95 mentally healthy volunteers who visit health promotion center of Kangbuk Samsung hospital for their regular medical examination were requested to complete Athens Insomnia Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index. Association between total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale and other variables (total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16, total scores of State Anxiety, total scores of Trait Anxiety, and total scores of Anxiety Sensitivity Scale) was assessed individually with partial correlations adjusted by age and then together using multiple regression analysis. The total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale were significantly associated with total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16 (r=0.541, p
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