OBJECTIVE To optimize extraction technology of the total flavonoids from Radix Tetrastigmae.METHODS In the method of one-way and orthogonal test, the ethanol concentration and amount, extraction time and number of extractions were studied with the total flavonoids from Radix Tetrastigmae as the target of the test. RESULTS The ethanol concentration had great impact on the target.The order of the other 3 factors that affected the flavonoid extractions was number of extractions﹥extraction time﹥amount of ethanol. CONCLUSION The parameters of the best extraction technology are as follows: 50% ethanol, 15 times the weight of the dried material, refluxing and extracting 2 h for 3 times.
Lung cancer is a kind of malignant tumor with high morbidity and metastasis tendency. Gambogic acid (GA) has demonstrated significant antitumor activity in vitro, but its poor water-solubility and adverse effects restrict its application in vivo and in clinic. In this study, a passive-targeting GA delivery system was prepared for orthotopic Lewis lung carcinoma model mice. Besides the ∼7 μm size distribution, slow and steady in vitro drug release in a week, high targeting effect to lung, effective restoration of histomorphological abnormalities in lung, maintaining on bodyweight, and prolongation on survival time, excellent improvements of the GA-loaded particles on physiological and psychological statuses and obvious inhibition on tumor metastasis to liver have also been observed, through the measurements of Porsolt forced swim, hypoxic tolerance time, ultrastructure of pulmonary capillary, pulmonary vascular permeability, and hepatic histological change. These results suggest that this GA-loaded particle may be an ideal approach to achieve satisfactory therapeutic function on lung cancer.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is widely recognized as a major contributing factor to the development of heart failure in patients with diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of traditional herbal medicine for alleviating the symptoms of cardiomyopathy. We have chemically designed and synthesized a novel compound called aloe-emodin derivative (AED), which belongs to the aloe-emodin (AE) family of compounds. AED was formed by covalent binding of monomethyl succinate to the anthraquinone mother nucleus of AE using chemical synthesis techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of AED in treating DCM. We induced type 2 diabetes in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats by administering a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injections. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, DCM, AED low concentration (50 mg/kg/day), AED high concentration (100 mg/kg/day), AE (100 mg/kg/day), and positive control (glyburide, 2 mg/kg/day) groups. There were eight rats in each group. The rats that attained fasting blood glucose of ˃16.7 mmol/L were considered successful models. We observed significant improvements in cardiac function in the DCM rats with both AED and AE following four weeks of intragastric treatment. However, AED had a more pronounced therapeutic effect on DCM compared to AE. AED exhibited an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response in the hearts of DCM rats and high-glucose-treated H9C2 cells by suppressing the pyroptosis pathway mediated by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed a significant enrichment in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway compared to the high-glucose group. Furthermore, overexpression of NLRP3 effectively reversed the anti-pyroptosis effects of AED in high-glucose-treated H9C2 cells. This study is the first to demonstrate that AED possesses the ability to inhibit myocardial pyroptosis in DCM. Targeting the pyroptosis pathway mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome could provide a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance our understanding and treatment of DCM.
Abstract The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has caused great damage to public health and economy worldwide with over 140,000 infected cases up to date. Previous research has suggested an involvement of meteorological conditions in the spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases, such as influenza. However, as for the recent novel coronavirus, few studies have discussed systematically about the role of daily weather in the epidemic transmission of the virus. Here, we examine the relationships of meteorological variables with the severity of the outbreak on a worldwide scale. The confirmed case counts, which indicates the severity of COVID-19 spread, and four meteorological variables, i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and visibility, were collected daily between January 20 and March 11 (52 days) for 430 cities and districts all over China, 21 cities/provinces in Italy, 21 cities/provinces in Japan, and 51 other countries around the world. Four different time delays of weather (on the day, 3 days ago, 7 days ago, and 14 days ago) as to the epidemic situation were taken for modeling and we finally chose the weather two weeks ago to model against the daily epidemic situation as its correlated with the outbreak best. Taken Chinese cities as a discovery dataset, it was suggested that temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity combined together could best predict the epidemic situation. The meteorological model could well predict the outbreak around the world with a high correlation ( r 2 >0.6) with the real data. Using this model, we further predicted the possible epidemic situation in the future 12 days in several high-latitude cities with potential outbreak. This model could provide more information for government’s future decisions on COVID-19 outbreak control.
// Shulin Pan 1, * , Songlin Li 2, * , Yingying Hu 1 , Hao Zhang 1 , Yanlong Liu 3 , Huai Jiang 1 , Mingchu Fang 1 , Zhengmao Li 3 , Kebin Xu 3 , Hongyu Zhang 3 , Zhenlang Lin 1 , Jian Xiao 3 1 Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China 2 The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China 3 The School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China * These authors contribute equally to this work Correspondence to: Jian Xiao, email: xfxj2000@126.com Zhenlang Lin, email: linzhenlang@hotmail.com Keywords: resveratrol, hypoxia-ischemia, brain damage, inflammation, apoptosis Received: July 25, 2016 Accepted: October 19, 2016 Published: November 02, 2016 ABSTRACT Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a devastating disease with limited treatment options. Preventive treatment with resveratrol has indicated to be well tolerated and has lower toxicity in both experimental models and human patients. However, whether resveratrol administration post-hypoxic-ischemic protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury is not known. Here we reported that post-treatment with resveratrol significantly reduced brain damage at 7-day after the injury. We found that resveratrol reduced the expression levels of key inflammatory factors at the mRNA and protein levels, and at least partially via inhibiting microglia activation. Moreover, resveratrol exerted an anti-apoptotic effect, as assessed by TUNEL staining, and altered the expression of the apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase3. Our data indicate that post-treatment with resveratrol protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and suggest a promising therapeutic strategy to this disease.
【Objective】 The relationship between 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose(18F-FDG) uptake of primary tumor and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) was investigated in this study.EGFR mutations were predicted by maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax) for clinical application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI).【Methods】 Totally 66 patients dated from November 2006 to September 2010 were collected,who underwent PET / CT examinations and EGFR mutation tests by fluorescent quantitative PCR before any anti-tumor therapies.The 18F-FDG uptake of primary lesions was described with SUVmax,then the relationship was analyzed.【Results】 EGFR mutations within exons 19 and 21 were detected in 22 NSCLC patients(33%).The SUVmax was significantly lower in EGFR mutant-type than wild-type(10 ± 5,14 ± 6,P = 0.006).The SUVmax and EGFR mutations were performed as negative correlation(r =-0.344,P = 0.005).For the prediction of EGFR mutations by SUVmax,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) was 0.71(P = 0.006),when the cut off value was 8.8,the Youden Index reached the maximum value(0.43).Patients with low SUVmax were more likely to carry EGFR mutations than those with high SUVmax(71%,20%,P = 0.000).【Conclusion】 The 18F-FDG uptake of primary tumor in NSCLC patients was negatively correlated with EGFR mutations,patients with lower SUVmax were more likely to harbor EGFR mutations.For the advanced NSCLC patient,it might be helpful to identify who is suitable to TKI treatment.
With the rapid development of computer technology and artificial intelligence, intelligent water taps bring a lot of convenience to people's lives, but the intelligent water taps in the current market cannot meet the needs of food safety in catering institutions. The sink and tap system designed in this paper has infrared control function. The video image frames are extracted from the real-time video data collected by the video monitoring equipment, and the obtained image data are processed and analyzed. Machine vision technology can accurately identify objects and make accurate judgments. When objects are close to the faucet, they will be automatically identified. According to the classification of cleaning items and food, flow instructions will be issued. If the cleaning items are put in the wrong sink, the faucet will not flow, and the alarm will be started. At the same time, the temperature of the sink increases to open the disinfection and sterilization mode, which is simple and convenient to use. The artificial intelligence sink of catering institutions can effectively prevent the mixing of non-edible cleaning items with food, avoid the confusing use of vegetable cleaning sinks and meat cleaning sinks, effectively prevent the spread of various contact infectious diseases, and ensure food safety.
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