Catathrenia is a rare chronic disorder characterized by expiratory groaning during sleep. Neither the origin of this sound nor the pathophysiology underpinning catathrenia is understood. Although the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd edition (ICSD-2) included catathrenia among âother parasomnias,â catathrenia was classified as a respiratory disorder in the 2014 ICSD-3. Several case series of this condition have been reported, but the clinical descriptions of the sound duration and intensity, usual stage of sleep at which it occurs, and treatment response differ across cases. The possibility that catathrenia is not a single disorder has also been considered. When typical catathrenia symptoms are present, but overnight polysomnography findings do not meet the typical diagnostic criteria, a diagnosis of atypical nocturnal vocalization is given. We report a case of atypical nocturnal vocalization mimicking catathrenia that accompanied obstructive sleep apnea and improved after continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Keywords: Respiratory sounds, Sleep apnea syndromes, Parasomnias
Abstract To explain the address discharge fail at a high temperature, the wall charge leakage phenomenon during address‐period is investigated relative to the number of applied address and sustain pulses under variable ambient temperature based on the V t closed‐curve analysis. The wall charge leakages are increased with an increase in the number of the applied address and sustain pulse, and this tendency are intensified as the ambient temperature increased. It is also observed that the wall charge leakage during address period depends on the level of scan high voltage. Base on the experimental observation, the driving waveform with multi scan high level is proposed to produce the stable address discharge under variable ambient temperature.
Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare disease involving localized inflammatory thickening of the intracranial or spinal dura mater without an identified cause. Seizure is a very unusual presentation of IHP. We present a 58-year-old-female patient with seizures caused by IHP. This case indicates that although IHP is rare, it has the potential to cause seizures.
Abstract The method in which the barrier rib is formed from the glass substrate directly by sandblasting is an effective part of a low cost process, because it can eliminate the baking process and the rib material. Furthermore we developed a new method in which the address electrode is formed without photolithography by using a slurry solution in which the electrode material is dispersed. Finally, we actually produced a 42inch HD‐PDP(1366×768).
Moyamoya-like vasculopathy (MMV) is a rare, chronic, progressive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by stenosis or occlusion of the terminal portion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and development of abnormal collateral vessels at the base of the brain. This disorder develops in association with various systemic diseases and conditions, including neurofibromatosis type 1, Down syndrome, thyroid disease, radiation therapy, and autoimmune disease. We report a case of a 51-year-old female patient with low-activity systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had a sudden onset of global aphasia and right hemiplegia. Three months previous, she had been on antiplatelet medication due to a single transient ischemic attack. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a massive infarct of the left middle cerebral artery territory. Conventional angiography showed complete occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery with poor development of basal collateral vessels. This case demonstrates that a patient with underlying autoimmune disease such as SLE accompanied by MMV should be considered vulnerable to ischemic stroke.
Lateralization of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV) is very important for successful repositioning. The directions of lying-down nystagmus (LDN) and head-bending nystagmus (HBN) have been used as ancillary findings to identify the affected sites. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the lateralizing values of LDN and HBN using clinical and laboratory findings for lateralizing probabilities in patients with HSC-BPPV. For 50 HSC-BPPV patients with asymmetric direction-changing horizontal nystagmus (DCHN) during the head-rolling test (HRT) using Frenzel goggles, the directions of LDN and HBN were evaluated and compared to those determined by video-oculography. Directional LDN was defined as the contralesional direction of nystagmus in geotropic types and the ipsilesional direction in apogeotropic types. Directional HBN was defined as the opposite direction relative to directional LDN. We also analyzed LDN and HBN in 14 patients with a history of ipsilesional peripheral vestibulopathy, caloric abnormality or conversion from other types of BPPV (such as probable localized HSC-BPPV, pro-BPPV). LDN and HBN were seen in 68% (34/50) and 76% (38/50) of patients, respectively. Of these, 19 (55.9%), and 28 (73.7%) patients showed directional LDN and HBN, respectively. The proportion of patients with directional LDN and HBN was much smaller among the pro-BPPV patients (4/12 for LDN, 3/10 for HBN). LDN and HBN did not seem to predict lateralization in patients with HSC-BPPV. To improve the prediction of lateralization of HSC-BPPV, it is necessary to modify the maneuvers used to elicit LDN or HBN, especially in cases of symmetric DCHN during HRT.
We have demonstrated a fully integrated 64 kb MRAM using 0.24 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. We found that the etching of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) was likely to bring about an electrical short between the top and bottom of an MTJ, and capping MTJs after etching was very effective in preventing the short. Besides, we performed a lot of magnetic transport measurements of magnetic tunnel junctions during the development and found that the magnetization reversal was affected by some geometrical factors of an MTJ.
We aimed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and its associated agricultural work-related, biomechanical factors among this population.We analyzed initial survey data from the Safety for Agricultural Injury of Farmers cohort study involving adult farmers in Jeju Island. The prevalence of LBP was calculated with associated factors.In total, 1,209 participants were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of LBP was 23.7%. Significant associations for LBP were the type of farming activity, length of farming career, prior agricultural injury within 1 year, and stress levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed three biomechanical factors significantly related to LBP: repetitive use of particular body parts; the inappropriate posture of the lower back and neck.Some occupational, and biomechanical risk factors contribute to LBP. Therefore, postural education, injury prevention education, and psychological support will be needed to prevent LBP.
Background Lumbar epidural varix (LEV) is a very rare condition caused by dilatation of the vertebral venous plexus. LEV can result in lumbosacral radiculopathy, which is often mistaken for lumbosacral herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD). Case Report A 72-year-old man visited the emergency department (ED) with radiating pain of the right leg that had developed 3 weeks previously. Before the ED visit, he was diagnosed with lumbosacral radiculopathy due to HIVD based on lumbar X-rays at an outpatient clinic. Despite conservative treatment, his symptoms deteriorated. On magnetic resonance imaging at the ED, an epidural cystic mass in the right L5âS1 with multiple HIVDs was observed. The mass was surgically removed, and the histological findings showed a dilated vessel with a thrombus, which led to the final diagnosis of LEV. Conclusion In lumbosacral radiculopathy, LEV should be considered as a possibility even if degenerative spine disease is observed on lumbar X-rays. Key Words: Radiculopathy; Spine; Varicose veins
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