In the present study we describe the seasonal and daily activity patterns of the spur-thighed tortoise ( Testudo graeca graeca ) in the Southeastern Spain. We radiotracked eleven individuals (six females and five males) in the Sierra de Almenara (Murcia) between April 1998 and November 1999. Radiolocations were weekly and each individual was located between three and five times per day. In order to study the seasonal activity pattern we used the distances moved by the tortoises and the number of active and inactive tortoises. Daily activity pattern was assessed dividing the day into five periods and comparing the number of active tortoises in each periods. Our results describe a principal activity period during spring and an inactivity one during winter. The species can be active during autumn and be inactive during summer also, but in those cases the activity or inactivity are less intensive than during spring and winter respectively and it varies greatly among individuals. In general terms, the results are similar to those found at Southwestern Spain, but not to those found in Southern Morocco where there is no hibernation because they have moderate temperatures favourable for the species during winter. On the other hand, the differences with the population of Donana are the duration of the activity period and the dates when the autumn activity period occurs. These differences could be explained as a consequence of the climatical differences between these two sites. The ultimate results is a much longer activity period in Donana that could explain the bigger body size in the population of Donana.
Summary The Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni is one of the most endangered birds in Europe. Spanish populations have suffered large declines and disappeared from large areas of former distribution, thus leading to many reintroduction programmes. One of the main factors that could affect the population growth of reintroduced populations is the availability of suitable habitat for breeding and foraging. We investigated whether nest site availability is a limiting factor for a newly established population of Lesser Kestrels in eastern Spain. We developed univariate models to understand the relationship between building characteristics (area, height, roof condition, etc.) and occupancy and abundance of Lesser Kestrels, and multivariate models to predict the availability of nest-sites. Our results showed that the species selected medium-sized buildings with extensive land use in the surrounding area and an absence of trees. In addition, Lesser Kestrel abundance was explained by roof condition and distance to the nearest building. Multivariate models predicted that most of the buildings were not suitable for nesting by Lesser Kestrels and thus population growth may be limited due to lack of nest sites. Lack of suitable nest sites, conspecific attraction and Allee effects are all processes that may be limiting, resulting in the low population and colony sizes that were found and predicted. Based on this, we recommend the provision of nest boxes, the use of special tiles and the construction of breeding towers to improve building quality and therefore increase colony size. We also critically question the use of reintroduction projects to restore locally extinct populations for two reasons. First in this case the reintroduced population is near some larger colonies and there is a strong tendency for Lesser Kestrels to move from small to large colonies. Secondly, in a general strategy for the conservation of Lesser Kestrels, conservation of the main colonies is the priority rather than dedicating human and economic resources on manipulative actions for the establishment of new colonies.
Yu, D., J. M. Anderies, D. Lee, and I. Perez. 2014. Transformation of resource management institutions under globalization: the case of songgye community forests in South Korea. Ecology and Society 19(2): 2. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06135-190202
This work represents the first attempt to model the habitat‐species relationships of a species of terrestrial tortoise on a large scale. We applied hierarchical variance partition methodology to Generalised Lineal Models (GLMs), with the presence of the tortoise in 1 km 2 cells as the response variable. We posited the existence of a hierarchical scheme of factors (including climate, relief and lithology, and land‐use) that determine the distribution of Testugo graeca in southeastern Spain. We also identified the environmental variables within each factor with the greatest explanatory power and decoupled local vs landscape effects. Climate, followed by relief and lithology, and then land‐use, turned out to be the most important factor shaping the distribution of T. graeca in south‐east Spain as well as determining the presence of the species within its range. Univariate models showed that the main climate constraints were related to rainfall and extreme minimum temperatures, two factors which could be related to constraints imposed by the length of the annual activity period and productivity. Finally, multi‐scale decomposition suggested that neighbouring habitat and local dynamics may also be important in the distribution of the species at the landscape scale.
Valoracion del Jurado: La rehabilitacion de Can Picafort destaca por el habilidoso y sensible empleo de los materiales, exprimiendo las posibilidades de la ceramica con diferentes caligrafias constructivas. Se consigue un espacio domestico calido y humano, de perfecta imperfeccion. Eleva a una dimension poetica la construccion artesanal.
La intervencion consiste en la reforma interior de una edificacion existente para transformarla en unos pequenos apartamentos turisticos.
En un solar pasante situado frente al mar, nos encontramos una construccion formada por dos cuerpos: uno de planta baja mas uno, que mira al mar y se acompana por un porche de planta baja, y otro de planta baja mas dos, que mira a la calle posterior. Los diferentes cuerpos forman una edificacion escalonada en sentido descendente hacia el mar.
En un estado inicial, tanto los accesos y escaleras como las distribuciones aparecian caoticamente desordenados.
Todo el esfuerzo del proyecto se centra en abrir longitudinalmente el espacio, de manera que se consiga unir visualmente el mar y la calle posterior. La estrategia consiste en ordenar y condensar todos los servicios contra las medianeras. Escaleras, armarios, cocinas y banos se alinean y se acumulan contra las medianeras. Los servicios aparecen entonces como gruesas medianeras.
Los materiales con que se ha construido tienden a la imperfeccion de las cosas hechas a mano (?o deberiamos haber dicho perfeccion?). El barro, por su propia composicion, acaba teniendo ligeros cambios de tono y pequenas irregularidades que consiguen definir un espacio mas humano. Asimismo, la acumulacion de pequenas piezas colocadas una a una tambien consigue la querida imperfeccion
The agroecosystem of the oasis of Comondu is a rich ecological and cultural landscape closely linked to the presence of water in an arid environment. The permanence of populations, from the Indian period to the present is an example explicit of sustainability. However, this socio-ecological system has become unbalanced by external socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The agroecosystem of the Oasis of Comondu goes to his decline and demise. Our overall objective is to assess the sustainability of this socioecological system with the framework of integrated assessment of sustainability with dynamic models. The aim of this paper is to present this new approach and show the first steps in this research: participative construction of a conceptual model of our system under study. We have identified the main variables and relationships, and historical processes that have influenced its dynamics. The conceptual model resulting from this interaction includes social, economic and productive subsystems. The general dynamic of Comondu system is largely under the control of climatic and socio-economic external variables, such as hurricanes, rainfall, the socio-political relocation, government assistance and the external agricultural intensification.
Globalization increases the vulnerability of traditional social-ecological systems (SES) to the incursion of new resource appropriators, i.e. intruders. New external disturbances that increase the physical and socio-political accessibility of SES (e.g. construction of a new road) and weak points in institutional SES of valuable common-pool resources are some of the main factors that enhance the encroachment of intruders. The irrigation system of the northwest Murcia Region (Spain) is an example used in this article of the changes in the structure and robustness of a traditional SES as a result of intruders. In this case study, farmers have traditionally used water from springs to irrigate their lands but, in recent decades, large agrarian companies have settled in this region, using groundwater to irrigate new lands. This intrusion had caused the levels of this resource to drop sharply. In an attempt to adapt, local communities are intensifying the use of resources and are constructing new physical infrastructures; consequently, new vulnerabilities are emerging. This situation seems to be heading toward the inevitably collapse of this traditional SES. From an institutional viewpoint, some recommendations are offered to enhance the robustness of SES in order to mitigate the consequences of intruders.