Modal composition and quartz microtextures were analyzed to investigate the provenance tectonic setting and transport mechanism in shoreline sediments from the Punta Arenas (PA) area in the southernmost part of Chile and King George Island (KGI), West Antarctica.In the sediments from both areas, volcanic rock fragments were the predominant framework grain, and a significant amount of quartz was also found in the PA area.The provenance tectonic setting of the PA area was a recycled orogen, and that of the KGI area was a magmatic arc.Quartz grains exhibited subangular shape, medium to high relief, and mainly mechanical microtextures, which were induced by high shear stress (>80%) and high-energy percussion (<20%).The shoreline sands of the two areas did not differ significantly in the distribution of frequency of microtextures of glacial and aqueous origins, so it is interpreted that the sand sediments from both areas had similar glacial and aqueous transport histories.The percussion microstructures, which occurred in less than 20% of the sands in both areas, may be due to the relatively short residence time in the energetic aqueous conditions.The presence of weathered quartz grains fractured by glaciers indicates that they had undergone significant weathering in the preceeding warm periods.The presence of high count of pre-weathered microtextures suggests that many grains travel into glacial stream carrying the pre-weathering microfeatures, which can be recognized in the sedimentary record.
The velocities of leaky surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have been measured using a large-aperture line-focused transducer for three silicon single crystals (namely, Si-100, Si-110, and Si-111). While rotating the specimen, velocities were measured as a function of propagation direction. The slowness curves of the SAWs show good agreement with the crystal structures of the specimens. Finite element method (FEM) simulation has also been carried out for silicon crystals and the results were compared with the measurement results. The FEM results can explain the measured ones. This method has high potential for determining crystal structures.
In the Juvenile Act, there is a protective disposition for resocialization from an educational point of view that helps juvenile offenders grow into healthy adults. The reason why we are preparing a juvenile criminal justice policy separately from the criminal justice policy for adults is that we believe that juvenile offenders have a higher potential for education and improvement than adult offenders. It is necessary to help juvenile grow into healthy adults rather than stigmatizing them as criminals and punishing them even if they commit crimes. The Juvenile Reformatory provides education such as subject education, vocational competency development training, and certification exam so that juvenile in protection can be nurtured so that they can return to society as healthy juveniles. Among juveniles detained in Juvenile Reformatory, if it is recognized that the purpose of correction has been achieved because of good correctional grades, they are subject to ‘Release on Parole’ or ‘Release’ pursuant to Article 44 of ‘Act on the Treatment of Protected Juveniles’. Protective juveniles imposed with disposition No. 9 will be ‘Release on Parole’ from the Juvenile Reformatory with about one month remaining. Upon release on parole, the juvenile will be charged with probation for six months. Because of the situation in which they will receive probation for a period that is about six times the remaining period, juvenile in probation often think that release on parole is rather unfavorable treatment. In principle, it is reasonable that the probation imposed along with Release on Parole should be for the remainder of the confinement period. For the judgment of Release on Parole, it is necessary to make a specific evaluation using various currently developed recidivism risk assessment tools. If necessary, it is also necessary to actively review the development of a tool to evaluate the recidivism risk of children in protection.
Since the scale in pipes reduces the flow rate, a quantitative evaluation of the scale is essential for the proper maintenance of pipes. Guided waves were employed to estimate the amount of scale in water supplying pipes. Using variable angle wedge, several modes of guided waves wire generated and their propagation charcteristics along the pipes with stale were analyzed. It was experimentally observed that the amplitude of F(M,2) modes at decreased significantly with increasing amount of scale. The present study showed that F(M,2) modes were optima) to evaluate the scale in water supplying pipes.
Metallicnanoparticles embedded in a polyimide (PI) matrix were fabricated through selectively oxidizing a layer of Ni80Fe20 metal film sandwiched between two PI precursor layers. Ni nanoparticles, formed in a monolayer between two PI layers, had an average particle size of ∼5 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that Fe in the film was preferentially consumed, resulting in formation of Ni nanoparticles. Similar experiments to produce uniform-sized Co nanoparticles failed to produce uniform-sized Co nanoparticles when a Co80Fe20 film was inserted because, unlike Ni, Co was partially oxidized during imidization. Transmission infrared spectroscopy suggested that thermal degradation of the PI matrix was catalyzed by the Co80Fe20 film, leading to the Co oxidation together with Fe.
English Abstract: Greenhouse gases (GHGs) cannot be contained within nations’ border and climate change is certainly a global issue that requires global actions. Therefore, when a country considers domestic measures to reduce GHGs emissions, their impacts beyond the nation’s border should be examined carefully. Possible effects through international trade are particularly important in the globalized world with growing trade and expanding capital movements. After reviewing the current status of multilateral environment agreements (MEAs), how they are related to WTO trade rules, legal questions and dispute cases that are possibly related to GHGs emissions reductioGreenhouse gases (GHGs) cannot be contained within nations’ border and climate change is certainly a global issue that requires global actions. Therefore, when a country considers domestic measures to reduce GHGs emissions, their impacts beyond the nation’s border should be examined carefully. Possible effects through international trade are particularly important in the globalized world with growing trade and expanding capital movements. After reviewing the current status of multilateral environment agreements (MEAs), how they are related to WTO trade rules, legal questions and dispute cases that are possibly related to GHGs emissions reduction, this paper examines recently proposed border GHGs adjustment measures and various WTO agreements as potential tools that are promising or not promising. This paper also suggests how to make WTO’s potential tools ready and how to build global consensus so that we can avoid unilateral trade measures for climate change. Finally, policy implications for Korea are discussed.
Ultrasonic guided waves have been widely employed for the long range inspection of structures such as plates, rods and pipes. In ultrasonic guided waves, however, there are numerous modes with different wave velocities, so that the generation and detection of the appropriate wave mode of the guided wave is one of key techniques in the application of guided waves. In the present work, mode tuning using an array transducer was investigated with the hardware implements to generate ultrasonic guided waves in a seamless stainless steel pipe. For this purpose, 8‐channel ultrasonic pulser/receiver and their controller which enables sequential activation of each channels with given time delay were developed. A series of experiments was carried out in order to demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic tuning of modes by hardware: tuning the mode of the generated guided wave, group velocity measurement, tuned receiving and mode identification. As a result, the selective tuning of wave mode can be achieved by changing the time interval between adjacent elements of an array transducer.
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