Abstract Background Establishing primary psychological healthcare system to prevent suicide was eagerly advocated. However, it remains unclear whether such policy-driven and low-cost healthcare systems could be practical, especially with equal benefits for underrepresented children/adolescents. We aimed to examine the real-world practical effects of primary psychological healthcare system in preventing suicide ideation among children/adolescents, particularly underprivileged ones. Method and Findings The study employed an observational, multi-center, population-based and longitudinal design. 19,140 children/adolescents sampled from lower- and middle-income areas of western China (Nanchong) with 1-year followed-ups were included, of which majority to underrepresented underprivileged ones. The primary outcome was the incidence for reporting severe suicide ideation after practicing primary psychological healthcare system at 0.5-year and 1-year follow-ups, as contrasts to baseline. Subgroup analysis was conducted to examine the equal benefits of system for underrepresented children/adolescents. After instigating such system, the risks of reporting suicide ideation for included children/adolescents were found significantly lower compared with the control group at 0.5-year (adjust odds ratios [aOR] 0.28, 95%CI 0.23-0.33; p<0.001) and 1-year follow-ups (aOR 0.28, 95%CI 0.23-0.33; p<0.001). The effects were also observed among underrepresented children/adolescents including “left-behind” children/adolescents, “single-parent” children/adolescents and children/adolescents in especially difficult circumstance (CEDC, all pcorrected < 0.001). The effects in CEDC and “left-behind” children/adolescents were found non-inferior to typical developing cohort (all pcorrected < 0.01). Conclusions Primary psychological healthcare system was practically effective in reducing risks of suicide ideation in children/adolescents in 1-year, at least, but not yet with fully equal benefits for all the underprivileged ones.
Inheritance of seed dormancy in the cross R08 × A318 in Zea rnays L. was detected by applying the major gene plus poly-gene model of quantitative traits to a joint analysis of multi-generations （P_(1), P_(2), F_(1), B_(1:2), B_(2:2) and F_(2:3)）. The results indicated that seed dormancy in the cross R08 × A318 was controlled by one major gene with entirely dominance effects plus polygene with additive-dominance effects（the D-4 model）. Genetic variance values of the major gene in B_(1:2), B_(2:2) and F_(2:3) populations were estimated as 0.5863, 0.9260 and 1.4176, while those of polygene were 0.4623, 0.1184 and 0.1022, respectively. And the additive effects values and dominance effects values of major gene was estimated as 1.2172 and -1.2172, while those of polygene were 1.5028 and 1.4334. Heritability values of the major gene in B_(1:2), B_(2:2) and F_(2:3) populations were estimated as 79.65%, 44.8% and 71% while those of polygene were 5.74%, 35.33% and 9.07% ,respectively. There was the maximum value of heritability in the B_(1:2) population.
The objective of this study was to find the key regulatory molecules in the cell senescence process through observing the expression of telomere-associated factor during the normal cell replicative senescence process. Based on the established cell replicative senescence model, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to detect telomere-associated factor expression at the mRNA and protein levels, including that of human telomere binding protein 1, tankyrase 1, telomerase RNA, telomere protection protein 1 (POT1), and p53 during the process of human embryonic lung fibroblast replicative senescence. The results showed that transcription of human telomere binding protein 1 did not change with cell senescence, whereas the protein expression of human telomere binding protein 1 increased gradually and then decreased rapidly; there was no change in the mRNA and protein expression of POT1; with the replicative senescence of human embryonic lung fibroblasts, expression of POT1 decreased gradually; TRF1 showed an increasing trend with cell senescence; and p53 protein expression did not change. Together, the results from this study suggest that human telomere binding protein 1, POT1, and TRF1 played important roles in cell senescence.
ABSTRACT Mineral deficiency is a major problem in agriculture. Plant adaption to low mineral environments involves signaling between shoots and roots, via the food transport cells, the sieve elements. However, due to the sequestered position of the sieve elements in the vascular bundles, identifying shoot‐to‐root mobile signals is challenging. In herbaceous species, sieve elements and companion cells (CCs) are isolated from other leaf tissues. We hypothesize that phloem CCs play an essential role by synthesizing shoot‐to‐root signals in response to mineral deficiency. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed gene expression responses in Arabidopsis CCs under phosphorus deficiency using TRAP‐Seq. Phosphorus was chosen for its importance in plant growth and the known role of shoot‐to‐root signaling in regulating root phosphate transporters during deficiency. Our findings revealed that CCs exhibit more dramatic molecular responses than other leaf cells. We also found that many genes altered in CCs have potential functions in regulating root growth. This is unexpected because it has been widely believed that shoot‐to‐root signaling is not involved in root growth regulation under P deficiency. The importance of CCs in regulating mineral deficiency may extend beyond phosphorus because shoot‐to‐root signaling is a common response to the deficiency of various minerals.
Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora zeina (C. zeina), is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases in maize (Zea mays L.), and severely reduces maize production in Southwest China. However, the mechanism of resistance to GLS is not clear and few resistant alleles have been identified. Two maize inbred lines, which were shown to be resistant (R6) and susceptible (S8) to GLS, were injected by C. zeina spore suspensions. Transcriptome analysis was carried out with leaf tissue at 0, 6, 24, 144, and 240 h after inoculation. Compared with 0 h of inoculation, a total of 667 and 419 stable common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the resistant and susceptible lines across the four timepoints, respectively. The DEGs were usually enriched in 'response to stimulus' and 'response to stress' in GO term analysis, and 'plant-pathogen interaction', 'MAPK signaling pathways', and 'plant hormone signal transduction' pathways, which were related to maize's response to GLS, were enriched in KEGG analysis. Weighted-Genes Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified two modules, while twenty hub genes identified from these indicated that plant hormone signaling, calcium signaling pathways, and transcription factors played a central role in GLS sensing and response. Combing DEGs and QTL mapping, five genes were identified as the consensus genes for the resistance of GLS. Two genes, were both putative Leucine-rich repeat protein kinase family proteins, specifically expressed in R6. In summary, our results can provide resources for gene mining and exploring the mechanism of resistance to GLS in maize.
Although salivary gland cancers comprise only ∼3–6% of head and neck cancers, treatment options for patients with advanced-stage disease are limited. Because of their rarity, salivary gland malignancies are understudied compared to other exocrine tissue cancers. The comparative lack of progress in this cancer field is particularly evident when it comes to our incomplete understanding of the key molecular signals that are causal for the development and/or progression of salivary gland cancers. Using a novel conditional transgenic mouse (K5:RANKL), we demonstrate that Receptor Activator of NFkB Ligand (RANKL) targeted to cytokeratin 5-positive basal epithelial cells of the salivary gland causes aggressive tumorigenesis within a short period of RANKL exposure. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis reveals that RANKL markedly increases the expression levels of numerous gene families involved in cellular proliferation, migration, and intra- and extra-tumoral communication. Importantly, cross-species comparison of the K5:RANKL transcriptomic dataset with The Cancer Genome Atlas cancer signatures reveals the strongest molecular similarity with cancer subtypes of the human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. These studies not only provide a much needed transcriptomic resource to mine for novel molecular targets for therapy and/or diagnosis but validates the K5:RANKL transgenic as a preclinical model to further investigate the in vivo oncogenic role of RANKL signaling in salivary gland tumorigenesis.
Although the root system is indispensable for absorption of nutrients and water, it is poorly studied in maize owing to the difficulties of direct measurement of roots. Here, 103 maize lines were used to compare root architectures under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Significant genetic variation, with medium to high heritability and significant correlations, was observed for root traits. Total root length (TRL) and total root surface area (TSA) had high phenotypical diversity, and TRL was positively correlated with TSA, root volume, and root forks. The first two principal components explained 94.01% and 91.15% of total root variation in well-watered and water-stressed conditions, respectively. Thus, TRL and TSA, major contributors to root variation, can be used as favorable selection criteria at the seedling stage. We found that stiff stalk and non-stiff stalk groups (temperate backgrounds) showed relatively higher mean values for root morphological diversity than the TST group (tropical/subtropical background). Of the tested lines, 7, 42, 45, and 9 were classified as drought sensitive, moderately sensitive, moderately drought tolerant, and highly drought tolerant, respectively. Seven of the 9 extremely drought tolerant lines were from the TST group, suggesting that TST germplasms harbor valuable genetic resources for drought tolerance that could be used in breeding to improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize.
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