Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is one of the leading causes of tumor-driven deaths in the world. To date, studies on the tumor heterogeneity of LUSC at genomic level have only revealed limited therapeutic benefits. Therefore, system-wide research of LUSC at proteomic level may further improve precision medicine strategies on individual demands. To this end, we performed proteomic and phosphoproteomic study for LUSC samples of 25 Chinese patients. From our results, two subgroups (Cluster I and II) based on proteomic data were identified, which were associated with distinct molecular characteristics and clinicopathologic features. Combined with phosphoproteomic data, our result showed that spliceosome pathway was enriched in Cluster I, while focal adhesion pathway, immune-related pathways and Ras signaling pathway were enriched in Cluster II. In addition, we found that lymph node metastasis (LNM) was associated with our proteomic subgroups and cell cycle pathway was enriched in patients with LNM. Further analysis showed that MCM2, a DNA replication licensing factor involved in cell cycle pathway, was highly expressed in patients with poor prognosis, which was further proved by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. In summary, our study provided a resource of the proteomic and phosphoproteomic features of LUSC in Chinese patients.
Background: Patients with pathological stage I (p I) lung adenocarcinoma show variabilities in prognosis even after complete resection. The factors resulting in heterogeneities of prognosis remain controversy. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors affecting recurrence/metastasis and survival in patients with curatively resected p I lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A total of 252 patients with p I lung adenocarcinoma underwent curative resection between January 1st, 2009 to September 30th, 2011 were retrospectively reviewed to analyze the associations of recurrence and survival with the following clinicopathological variables: gender, age, cigarette smoking, family cancer history, tumor size, TNM stage, tumor differentiation, visceral pleural invasion, bronchial involvement, lymphovascular invasion, postoperative adjuvant treatment, pathological subtypes and micropapillary pattern. Results: Among those 252 patients, 48 had local recurrence or distant metastasis, the rest 204 patients had no relapse until the last follow-up. Cox univariate survival analysis revealed that tumor size (P<0.001), TNM stage [disease-free survival (DFS), P<0.001; overall survival (OS), P=0.004], tumor differentiation (P<0.001), bronchial involvement (P<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (DFS, P=0.021; OS, P=0.001) and micropapillary pattern (DFS, P<0.001; OS, P=0.003) were significantly associated with DFS and OS, while cigarette smoking (P=0.029) and pathological subtypes (P=0.041) were found to be risk factors for DFS either. In multivariate analysis, tumor differentiation (P<0.001) was an independent risk factor for both DFS and OS, TNM stage (P=0.007), bronchial involvement (P=0.004) and micropapillary pattern (P=0.001) only for DFS, while tumor size (P=0.009) and lymphovascular invasion (P=0.010) were found to be independent risk factors only for OS. Conclusions: Tumor size, TNM stage, tumor differentiation, bronchial involvement, lymphovascular invasion and micropapillary pattern could be considered as risk factors for predicting local recurrence or distant metastasis and survival in curatively resected p I lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and current status of surgical management for esophageal cancer in China. Methods: A national database was setup through a network platform. The clinical data of esophageal cancer treated by surgery was collected from 70 major hospitals in China between January 2009 and December 2014. Results: Complete data of 8 181 cases of esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery were recorded in the database and recruited in the analysis. Among them, 6 052 cases were male and 2 129 were female, the average age was 60.5 years.The epidemiological investigation results showed that 148 cases (1.8%) had history of psychological trauma, 7 527 cases (92.0%) were lower social economic status, 5 072 cases (62.0%) were short of fresh vegetables and fruits, 6 544 cases (80.0%) ate rough food frequently, 3 722 cases (45.5%) drank untreated water directly from lake or river or shallow well, 3 436 cases (42.0%) had a unhealthy eating habit, including habits of eating food fast (507 cases, 6.2%), eating hot food or drinking hot tea/soup (998 cases, 12.2%), eating fried food (1 939 cases, 23.7%), 4 410 cases (53.9%) had the habits of smoking cigarettes and 2 822 cases (34.5%) drank white wine frequently.The pathological results showed that 7 813 cases (95.5%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 267 cases were adenocarcinoma (3.3%), 25 cases were adenosquamous cell carcinoma (0.3%) and 50 cases were small cell carcinoma (0.6%). A total of 1 800 cases (22.0%) received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy due to locally advanced disease or difficulty of resection. The esophagectomies were performed through left thoracotomy approach in 5 870 cases (71.8%), through right chest approach in 2 215 cases (27.1%), and the remain 96 cases (1.2%) received surgery though other approaches.A total of 8 001 cases (97.8%) underwent radical resection, the other 180 cases (2.2%) received palliative resection. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 0.5%, the overall ≥ grade Ⅱ postoperative complication rate was 11.6% (951 cases). The 1-yr, 3-yr, and 5-yr overall actual survival rates were 82.6%, 61.6%, and 52.9%, respectively. Conclusions: The data analysis of the national database for esophageal cancer shows that bad eating habits or eating rough food without enough nutrients, lower social and economic status, drinking white wine and smoking cigarettes frequently may be correlated with tumorigenesis of esophageal cancer. However, strong evidences produced by prospective observation studies are needed. Overall, the long-term survival of esophageal cancer patients has been improved gradually due to the application of advanced surgical techniques and reasonable multimodality treatment.目的： 建立中国食管癌调查数据库以了解中国食管癌的临床流行特征和外科治疗状况。 方法： 由计算机团队和胸外科临床专家团队合作开发网络平台临床资料数据库，简称"十一五食管癌临床治疗登记数据库"，授权70家合作分中心将2009—2014年经外科治疗的食管癌病例录入数据库。 结果： 8 181例资料相对完整且有随访信息的外科治疗后食管癌病例入组。男性6 052例，女性2 129例；平均年龄60.5岁。食管癌发病相关因素的调查结果显示，1.8%(148例)的患者有心理创伤史；92.0%(7 527例)的患者只有中学以下文化程度或未接受过任何教育；62.0%(5 072例)的患者不经常吃新鲜蔬菜和水果；80.0%(6 544例)的患者常吃粗粮；45.5%(3 722例)的患者只能饮用未经处理的水；42.0%(3 436例)的患者有不良进食习惯，包括6.2%(507例)的患者吃饭快，12.2%(998例)的患者喜食烫食，23.7%(1 939例)的患者喜食油炸食品；53.9%(4 410例)的患者有吸烟史；34.5%(2 822例)的患者有经常性饮酒史。鳞癌7 813例，占95.5%；腺癌267例，占3.3%；腺鳞癌25例，占0.3%；小细胞癌50例，占0.6%。1 800例(22.0%)患者因病变较晚或切除有困难接受术前辅助治疗。5 870例(71.8%)患者接受左侧开胸入路手术治疗，2 215例(27.1%)患者接受右胸入路手术治疗。96例(1.2%)患者接受其他途径外科治疗。8 001例(97.8%)患者接受根治性手术切除治疗，180例(2.2%)患者接受姑息性手术切除治疗。术后30 d内死亡率为0.5%(43例)，术后Ⅱ级以上并发症的发生率为11.6%(951例)，术后1、3、5年总生存率分别为82.6%、61.6%和52.9%。 结论： 大数据结果显示，食管癌的发生可能与不良饮食习惯、经济社会地位低、常吃粗粮、不能常吃蔬菜水果以及吸烟和饮酒等有关。但仍需要通过队列观察研究的证据支持。外科技术的提升以及综合治疗的合理应用使中国食管癌患者的长期生存率有所提高。.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most commonly occurring oral malignancy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be responsible for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Zinc-finger protein 750 (ZNF750) has been reported to inhibit OSCC cell proliferation and invasion. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of ZNF750 in the inhibition of the renewal ability of CSCs derived from the OSCC cell line, CAL-27. The effects of ZNF750 on CSC-like properties were examined using aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), tumor sphere formation and colony formation assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of octamer-binding transcription factor 4, sex-determining region Y-box 2, the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), embryonic ectoderm development (EED) and SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (SUZ12), and for the identification of genes associated with metastasis. ZNF750 effectively attenuated CSC-like cell self-renewal abilities; ZNF750 decreased the ALDH-positive cell population, tumor sphere and colony formation abilities, cell viability and stemness factors. Furthermore, the expression levels of Ezh2, EED and SUZ12 were decreased by ZNF750. ZNF750 inhibited MMP1, 3, 9 and 13 expression levels, and decreased the cell invasion and migratory abilities. Moreover, the expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases-1 was increased by ZNF750. However, opposite effects were observed following the knockdown of the ZNF750 gene. Overall, the present study demonstrated that ZNF750 has the potential to inhibit the renewal of CSC-like cells enriched from parental CAL-27 cells.
Objective To investigate the treatment for Kadish stage C esthesioneuroblastoma.Method The medical recorders of six patients with Kadish stage C esthesioneuroblastoma were analyzed retrospectively.All were mainly treated with surgeries,combined with radiation therapy,chemotherapy,or chemoradiation.3 of 6 patients were first admitted,whereas the others were recurrence.Result Five patients with enbloc resection were followed up for more than 20 months with no tumor recurrence occurred.The patient performed piecemeal resection died of the recurrence in the 11st month after surgery.Complications included pneumocephalus in 3 cases,mental disturbance in 2,and CSF leakage in 1.Conclusion Kadish stage C esthesioneuroblastoma treatment needs surgical dominant multi-discipline treating pattern.Surgery can be performed via subfrontal approach.Tumor-free principle and skull base reconstruction are of great importance.
Key words:
Anterior skull base ; Esthesioneuroblastoma; Surgery; Subfrontal approach; Comprehensive treatment
Background With its growing popularity and potential outcome, preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction of chest computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to summarize the experience of anatomical variation analysis of left upper pulmonary blood vessels and bronchi based on the three-dimensional reconstruction of chest CT. Materials and methods A total of 103 patients with early-stage NSCLC were chosen to undergo VATS segmentectomy based on preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction of chest CT in our institute from September 2019 to July 2022. Data such as clinical characteristics and variations in blood vessels and bronchi were reviewed in this study. Results The branches of the left lingular pulmonary artery may mutate into the LS1 + 2 + 3. A1 + 2 has four subtypes. The distribution of variation is relatively balanced, and the most common variation is type I (35/103, 33.9%). Most lingular arteries originate from the oblique cleft side of the lingular bronchus (79/103,76.7%). Most V(1 + 2)c* are small developments (70/103, 68.0%). The venous return of the proper segment mainly depends on V(1 + 2)b + c. The variation in the left upper lobe bronchus is complex. The most common variant is the bifurcation type (type A to G, 92/103, 89.3%) and bifurcation type A (62/103, 60.2%). The posterior apical segment artery of the left upper lobe is not accompanied by its bronchus. Conclusions The variation types of blood vessels and bronchus in the upper lobe of the left lung are complex. Preoperative CT-based three-dimensional reconstruction of pulmonary arteries, veins, and bronchi is of great significance. It can help understand the variations, accurately locate lesions before the surgery, and effectively plan surgeries.
Cell cycle activator E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) play a key role in tumor development and metastasis. Previous RNA sequence analysis (GSE134835) revealed E2F2 was significantly reduced by Zinc-finger protein 750 (ZNF750) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study was aimed to determine the involvement of E2F2 in antitumor action of ZNF750. The nude mouse xenograft model was established by subcutaneously injection of stable cell line CAL-27oeZNF750 or CAL-27shZNF750. Xenograft tumor volume and tumor weight was measured. The expression of E2F2, transcriptional repressors such as enhancer of zeste 2 (Ezh2), PHD finger protein 19 (PHF19), and the genes related to cell proliferation or metastasis was studied in vivo or in vitro. Luciferase assay was performed to investigate regulation effect of ZNF750 on E2F2 luciferase activity. The involvement of E2F2 in the antitumor action of ZNF750 was studied by cotransduced ZNF750 with E2F2 lentivirus. The tumor growth and metastasis was repressed by ZNF750 manifested by reduced tumor size, tumor weight and the genes related to cell proliferation and metastasis. However, all of these were reversed by knockdown of the ZNF750 gene. Furthermore, E2F2 luciferase activity was inhibited by ZNF750. E2F2 partly blocked the antitumor action of ZNF750 manifested by increased self-renewal, invasion, migration, elevated Ezh2 and MMP13 protein expression in ZNF750 + E2F2 groups. However, silenced E2F2 further enhanced the antitumor action of ZNF750. ZNF750 depressed E2F2 activity and played a critical role in regulating transcriptional repressors for inhibiting the OSCC growth and metastasis in OSCC.
Efficiently crushing deep hard rock remains a significant engineering challenge. As an innovative rock-breaking technique, laser technology shows considerable promise for applications in deep engineering. Analyzing the damage characteristics of rock after laser irradiation and clarifying the mechanism of laser rock-breaking are crucial for advancing this technology towards practical engineering applications. Taking basalt as a typical representative of deep hard rock, we introduced computed tomography (CT) scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology to study the internal macro and micro pore characteristics of the rock after laser irradiation with different power. Additionally, we reconstructed the morphology of the laser-drilled holes. The results show that the surface temperature of the rock under laser irradiation generally follows a Gauss?ian distribution, and the penetration depth of the 1250 W laser can reach 41.51 mm after 30 seconds. Laser irradiation affects the microscopic pores of the rock, causing small pores to expand into larger ones as the laser power increases. After laser irradiation, the molten holes can be categorized into drum-shaped and V-shaped zones, and the timely discharge of molten material enhances the efficiency of laser rock-breaking. These findings provide theoretical and technical support for the application of laser rock-breaking technology in the efficient crushing of deep hard rock and resource extraction.
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