The determination of a reasonable spatial analysis unit is an essential step in urban functional zone (UFZ) division, which significantly affects the results. However, most studies on the division of functional zones are based on excessively large spatial units, such as blocks or traffic analysis zones (TAZs), which easily overlook the detailed characteristics of urban regions and introduce bias to the research conclusion. To address this issue, a refined zone segmentation method, namely, the Voronoi diagram for the polygon method, was proposed to generate refined spatial analysis units. Afterward, the functional topics of the spatial analysis unit were classified by a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) to produce the final UFZ map, where the functional topics of each spatial unit were obtained by coupling latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted in Beijing, China. The results indicated that the proposed segmentation method can generate fine-scale spatial units and provide fine-grained and higher accuracy UFZs (overall accuracy = 84%; kappa = 0.82).
Abstract Introduction: Essential Tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. Oral drugs play a crucial role in treating ET, with various available options such as propranolol, primidone and topiramate. However, the medication status and related factors among Chinese ET patients are unknown yet. Methods: This study used the baseline data from the National Survey of Essential Tremor Plus in China cohort. ET patients with information related to medication intake were included. Medication patients was defined as patients who were taking medication at the time of the survey. We further defined recommended medication users according to Chinese guideline recommendations and clinical knowledge. We used mean and standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR), or frequencies and percentages when appropriate for descriptive analysis. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to explore factors related to medication intake in all ET patients, and in recommended medication users respectively. Results: Of 1153 included ET participants, 207 (18.0%) took medication. Arotinolol (115, 55.6%) and propranolol (63, 30.4%) were the top 2 used medicines. Patients with middle school education (odds ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.83), college or higher level education (0.46, 0.28 to 0.76) and late onset ET (LO-ET) (0.38, 0.23 to 0.63) were less likely to take medication. Patients with intention tremor (1.90, 1.38 to 2.62), every 10-unit increase in age (1.10, 1.00 to 1.21), Tremor Research Group Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) Part 1 (1.63, 1.37 to 1.93), and TETRAS Part 2 (1.81, 1.48 to 2.22) were more likely to take medication. Among 332 recommended medication users, only 104 (31.3%) took medicine. The associations of LO-ET (0.36, 0.17 to 0.75), intention tremor (2.27, 1.35 to 3.81), TETRAS Part1 (1.52, 1.09 to 2.13) and TETRAS Part 2 (1.59, 1.15 to 2.20) with medication were similar to all ET patients. Conclusion: The proportion of medication intake is low among both all ET patients and recommended medication users. The top two commonly used medications among all ET patients are arotinolol and propranolol. Influencing factors of medication intake are different between all ET patients and recommended medication users. Clinicians are suggested to provide counseling and education on ET medication to promote medication intake.
In the context of the Standard Model (SM), we use the one‐loop and two‐loop Renormalization Group Equations (RGE) in order to analyze the evolution of the Higgs quartic coupling λH in the interval [mt, EGU], where mt is the mass of the top quark and EGU = 1014GeV. The analytical solution for the one‐loop differential equation (Riccati type) is obtained and analyzed and in the two‐loop case we obtain a numerical solution which takes into account all the parameters (couplings) at the same order of approximation. In both cases, we restrict the possible initial values for λH by means of imposing the triviality and stability conditions which determine the range of energies where the SM is valid. We obtain the following bounds: 0.387 < λH < 0.623 for the one‐loop case and 0.360 < λH < 0.628 for the two‐loop case. These results determine the interval of the possible Higgs mass values: 151.9 < MH < 192.3 GeV, 143.8 < MH < 190.3 GeV for the one‐loop and two‐loop cases, respectively.
Abstract Introduction: Essential Tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. Oral drugs play a crucial role in treating ET, with various available options such as propranolol, primidone and topiramate. However, the medication status and related factors among Chinese ET patients are unknown yet. Methods: This study used the baseline data from the National Survey of Essential Tremor Plus in China cohort. ET patients with information related to medication intake were included. Medication patients was defined as patients who were taking medication at the time of the survey. We further defined recommended medication users according to Chinese guideline recommendations and clinical knowledge. We used mean and standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR), or frequencies and percentages when appropriate for descriptive analysis. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to explore factors related to medication intake in all ET patients, and in recommended medication users respectively. Results: Of 1153 included ET participants, 207 (18.0%) took medication. Arotinolol (115, 55.6%) and propranolol (63, 30.4%) were the top 2 used medicines. Patients with middle school education (odds ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.83), college or higher level education (0.46, 0.28 to 0.76) and late onset ET (LO-ET) (0.38, 0.23 to 0.63) were less likely to take medication. Patients with intention tremor (1.90, 1.38 to 2.62), every 10-unit increase in age (1.10, 1.00 to 1.21), Tremor Research Group Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) Part 1 (1.63, 1.37 to 1.93), and TETRAS Part 2 (1.81, 1.48 to 2.22) were more likely to take medication. Among 332 recommended medication users, only 104 (31.3%) took medicine. The associations of LO-ET (0.36, 0.17 to 0.75), intention tremor (2.27, 1.35 to 3.81), TETRAS Part1 (1.52, 1.09 to 2.13) and TETRAS Part 2 (1.59, 1.15 to 2.20) with medication were similar to all ET patients. Conclusion: The proportion of medication intake is low among both all ET patients and recommended medication users. The top two commonly used medications among all ET patients are arotinolol and propranolol. Influencing factors of medication intake are different between all ET patients and recommended medication users. Clinicians are suggested to provide counseling and education on ET medication to promote medication intake.
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