Although previous studies have suggested an association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and respiratory symptoms, current evidence is inconsistent. Additionally, it remains unclear whether there are frequency-risk relationships between SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms among adolescents.A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified cluster sampling method to obtain a representative sample of high school students in Guangzhou, China. The respiratory symptoms were defined as persistent cough or sputum for three consecutive months during the past 12 months. Self-reported SHS exposure was defined as non-smokers' inhalation of the smoke exhaled from smokers on ≥1 day a week in the past 7 days. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to explore the potential frequency-risk relationships between SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms.Among 3575 students, the overall prevalence of SHS exposure was 69.2%, including 49.5% for SHS in public places, 34.5% in homes, 22.7% in indoor campuses and 29.2% in outdoor campuses. There were significantly increased risks of having respiratory symptoms corresponding to SHS exposure in public places (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.95), in homes (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.87), in indoor campuses (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.79) and in outdoor campuses (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.69) using no exposure as reference. Notably, we observed monotonic frequency-risk relationships between setting-specific(eg, homes, public places and campuses) SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms.Our findings suggest that setting-specific SHS exposure is associated with a significant, dose-dependent increase in risk of respiratory symptoms.
Although hand synovitis is prevalent in the older population, the etiology remains unclear. Hyperuricemia, a modifiable metabolic disorder, may serve as an underlying mechanism of hand synovitis, but little is known about their relationship. We assessed the association between hyperuricemia and hand synovitis in a large population-based sample.
Abstract Objective Synovial abnormalities are modifiable targets for hand pain and osteoarthritis. We examined the prevalence and distribution of ultrasound-detected hand synovial abnormalities in a community-derived sample of older people in China. Methods Within the Xiangya Osteoarthritis Study, a community-based study, we assessed synovial hypertrophy (SH), joint effusion, and Power Doppler signal (PDS) on all fingers and thumbs of both hands using standardized ultrasound examinations (score: 0–3). We assessed distribution patterns of SH and effusion using χ2-test and interrelationships of SH and effusion in different joints and hands by generalized estimating equations. Results Among 3,623 participants (mean age: 64.4 years; women: 58.1%), prevalence of SH, effusion and PDS were 85.5%, 87.3% and 1.5%, respectively. Prevalence of SH, effusion and PDS increased with age, was higher in the right hand than in the left hand and was more common in proximal than in distal hand joints. SH and effusion often occurred in multiple joints (P < 0.001). SH in one joint was strongly associated with presence of SH in the same joint of the opposite hand (odds ratio [OR]= 6.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.19–7.03) followed by SH in other joints in the same row, (OR=5.70, 95%CI: 5.32–6.11), and then other joints in the same ray of the same hand (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.39–1.60). Similar patterns were observed for effusion. Conclusion Hand synovial abnormalities are common among older people, often affect multiple hand joints and present a unique pattern. These findings suggest both systemic and mechanical factors play roles in their occurrence.
Early-onset osteoarthritis (OA) is an emerging health issue amidst the escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity. However, there are scant data on its disease, economic burden and attributable burden due to high body mass index (BMI).
Abstract The infiltration and excessive polarization of M1 macrophages contribute to the induction and persistence of low‐grade inflammation in joint‐related degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). The lipid metabolism dysregulation promotes M1 macrophage polarization by coordinating the compensatory pathways of the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Here, a self‐assembling, licofelone‐loaded nanoparticle (termed LCF‐CSBN), comprising chondroitin sulfate and bilirubin joined by an ethylenediamine linker, is developed to selectively reprogram lipid metabolism in macrophage activation. LCF‐CSBN is internalized by M1 macrophages via CD44‐mediated endocytosis and targets the Golgi apparatus accompanied with the reactive oxygen species‐responsive release of licofelone (LCF, dual inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism). LCF‐CSBN effectively promotes M1 to M2 macrophage transition by reprogramming the Golgi apparatus‐related sphingolipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. Intra‐articularly injected LCF‐CSBN retains in the joint for up to 28 days and accumulates into M1 macrophages. Moreover, LCF‐CSBN can effectively attenuate joint inflammation, oxidative stress, and cartilage degeneration in OA model rats. These findings indicate the promising potential of lipid‐metabolism‐reprogramming LCF‐CSBN in the targeted therapy of OA.
Although berberine (BBR) shows antioxidant activity, its activity is limited. We synthesized 9-O-benzoic acid berberine derivatives, and their antioxidant activities were screened via ABTS, DPPH, HOSC and FRAP assays. The para-position was modified with halogen elements on the benzoic acid ring, which led to an enhanced antioxidant activity and the substituent on the ortho-position was found to be better than the meta-position. Compounds 8p, 8c, 8d, 8i, 8j, 8l, and especially 8p showed significantly higher antioxidant activities, which could be attributed to the electronic donating groups. All the berberine derivatives possessed proper lipophilicities. In conclusion, compound 8p is a promising antioxidant candidate with remarkable elevated antioxidant activity and moderate lipophilicity.
Synovitis has long been considered a common and modifiable inflammatory feature of osteoarthritis (OA), but current disease-modifying anti-inflammatory treatments appear ineffective in OA clinical trials. Elucidating the temporal relationship between synovitis and OA could provide insight into the role of synovitis in OA.
Correction to: Prevalence and distribution of ultrasound-detected hand synovial abnormalities in a middle-aged and older populationUltraschall Med eFirstDOI: 10.1055/a-2048-8782
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