A novel thermoelectric warm air heater integrated thermoelectric with heat pipe exchanger. The operating voltage, indoor temperature and supply air temperature were simulated. The mathematical model of the warm air heater was founded to investigate the performance of the thermoelectric warm air heater. The simulation results showed that the optimum voltage of the device ranges from 6 V to 8 V. The hot and cold side thermal resistances of the heat pipe exchanger have a greater influence on heating performance than supply temperature. Recycling exhausted heat indirectly decreased the temperature difference of the hot side and cold side. The coefficient of performance can reach as high as 2.6 which is more energy-efficient than electric heating.
The implementation of the thermal mass of envelope and intelligent controls to the building is a key solution to improve energy flexibility. This study researched the energy flexibility of PCM-based multi-layer wall (PCMMW) from systematic nature of building design and operation control. A new rule-based control strategy is applied to the PCMMW under the dynamic pricing in Hongkong. A multi-objective optimization model is built considering the interests of the power grid, building users, and environment. The solution-decision method combining Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, and Shannon entropy is developed to solve the optimization model. Three optimal schemes are obtained, which include the optimal parameters of PCMMW and the pre-cooling time length. The results show that, compared with reference case, the energy flexibility of three optimal schemes are 24.21%, 26.75%, and 32.78%. The peak load of three optimal schemes are reduced by 90.78%, 92.67%, and 92.87%, while the total energy usage, electricity bills, and CO 2 emissions are reduced. Using the optimal parameters design and control strategy on the PCMMW benefits the grid, building users, and the environment simultaneously. This study guides the choice of different control strategies and parameters design for PCMMW.
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