Five varieties of napiergrasses (Pennisetum purpureum) were fractionated botanically into leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem and head.Chemical composition of each of whole napiergrass and their botanical fractions were determined.Correlation, linear and multiple regressions between botanical fractions and nutritive value of varieties of napiergrass were also estimated.All botanical fractions differed due to the effect of variety.Napier Pusha contained the highest proportion of leaf blade and internode, but the lowest proportion of leaf sheath.Napier Hybrid contained the lowest proportion of leaf blade, but highest proportion of node.Consequently, napier Pusha contained the highest (p<0.01)crude protein (CP, 9.0%), but Napier Hybrid had the lowest CP (7.0%).Chemical composition of whole plant differed significantly (p<0.01;except NFE, p>0.05) due to the variety.Not only the whole plant, chemical composition of most botanical fractions of whole plant differed (p<0.05 to 0.01) due to the variety.The intrarelationships between leaf blade and leaf sheath was negative (r=-0.43).Leaf sheath was also negatively correlated to CP, but positively correlated to ash of whole Napier or their botanical fractions.Leaf blade, on the other hand, increases CP but decreases ash content of whole plant or their fractions.These results, therefore, suggest that napiergrass varieties differ widely in terms of botanical fractions and nutritive value, which may have important implications on intake and productivity of animals.Furthermore, napiergrass varieties should be selected for leaf blade only for a better response.(
Aim: A 6-month comprehensive study was undertaken to find out the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment response of ruminal acidosis of cattle and goats at the SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital, , Bangladesh. Materials and Methods:A total of 609 clinical cases were considered during the study period and the diagnosis of the cases was performed based on detailed history, clinical signs, and clinical examinations including color, odor and consistency of rumen fluid and rumen microflora movements.The confirmations of the cases were done by measuring the pH of the rumen fluid and the blood.Calcium level of blood was measured by biochemical analyzer to determine hypocalcaemia. Results:The overall prevalence of ruminal acidosis in ruminants were 2.6% and found no significant differences (p>0.05) between cattle (4.04%) and goat (1.9%).Moreover, there were no significant variation (p>0.05) was observed among the sex (male and female of cattle and goats were 5.1% & 3.4% and 3.3% & 2.1%, respectively), breeds (non-descriptive and descriptive breeds of cattle and Black Bengal and Jamnapari goats were 3.7% & 4.7% and 1.8% & 2.1%, respectively) and two age groups of cattle and goats (3.7% & 4.3% and 2.02% &1.8%, respectively).Among the risk factors of ruminal acidosis feeding of cooked rice was highest (50% and 62.5% in cattle and goats, respectively) followed by feeding of rice gruel (25%) and feeding jackfruit residue, potato, bread each by 12.5%.A positive correlation was observed between duration of illness Conclusion: Ruminal acidosis is a vital nutritional problem in ruminants in terms of substantial health problem and economic point of views.This study recommends that farmers should abstain from feeding of the large amount of easily digestible carbohydrates to ruminants at a time.
Nutrients leaching from litter (leaves, bark, needles and twigs) have a major contribution to the supply and cycling of nutrients to crops. Among the litter parts, leaves are the main and quick source of organic matter to the soil whereas, green leaves return more nutrients than other forms of leaves. The return potentiality of K, P and N through leaching from green leaves of the major agroforest tree species: Zizyphus jujuba, Melia azadirachta, Albizia saman, Dalbergia sissoo and Azadirachta indica are presented on this study. Green leaves of the studied tree species were collected and then leached in water (deionized). Nutrient release through a leaching experiment was conducted for 192 hours. Percentage (%) of green leaf mass loss and Total Dissolved Solid with Electrical Conductivity of the collected leaching water showed a curvilinear relationship with time significantly (p < 0.05). NH4, PO4 and K concentration of the collected leaching water of the individual cropland agroforest tree species was significantly (p < 0.05) increased for 72 hours in the initial stage but at the later stage remained constant. Individual tree species showed the same nutrient release (K > NH4 > PO4) pattern. The highest concentration of 5121 ppm NH4 and potassium (13357 ppm) was found for Melia azadirachta and the lowest concentration of 1424 ppm NH4 and potassium (4410 ppm) was observed for Albizia saman. Results from the study highlighted that M. azadirachta was the best among the studied tree species in terms of nutrient return followed by A. indica and D. sissoo.
The study was conducted to identify the socio-economic status of the poultry farmers and economic analysis of poultry farming at Gazipur, Bangladesh. A Total of 40 poultry farms (20 broilers and 20 layers) were selected. The farmers and farming were evaluated through the analysis of data that were collected in a pre-structured questionnaire. This study revealed that comparatively rich farmers (42.5% had >4.94 acre of land) were involved in farming. There were significant variations (p<0.05) in source of investment (57.5% own, 32.5% bank loan, 7.5% from money lenders with interest and 5% from money lenders without interest), training (72.5% not received and 27.5% received), farming as an occupation for the farmers (55% main and 45% subsidiary occupation), amount of loan taken (50% have loan and 50% have no loan), level of educational knowledge (62.5% poor, 25% medium and 23.5 % high), sources of drinking water (87.5% have own tube-well), latrine condition (67.5% have sanitary latrine) and health status of the farmers (30% good, 50% medium and 20% poor). There were no significant variation (p>0.05) in farm size and management skills of the farmers. The average number of children per farmer attends to primary school, high school, college and university were 0.7, 0.75, 0.1 and 0.01 in case of boys and 0.5, 0.45, 0.07 and 0.01 in case of girls, respectively. Per bird average annual rearing cost, return, and cost benefit ratio were 925.5 BDT., 1080 BDT. and 1:1.17 in broiler and 1332.5 BDT., 2210 BDT. and 1:1.66 in layer, respectively. This study recommends although initial investment is higher; layer farming is more profitable than broiler.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(2) 8-12
The result of the collected data revealed different reproductive performances of RedChittagong Cow such as age at puberty 2.68±1.72 years, days required to first heat during postpartum period 3.08±1.00 months, calving interval 14.00±1.19 months, service per conception1.36±0.60 and gestation length 279.92±5.27 days. In this survey some data were recorded toobserve the production performances of Red Chittagong Cows. Milk production per day andlactation length was 2.10±0.63 liter and 238.8±30.6 days, respectively. The maximum milkproduction per day was 4 liter per cow and the minimum production was 1 liter per day per cow.The cow produced 1.88±0.51 liter milk supplied with roughage only on the other hand 2.42±0.57liter milk produced by the cow supplied some amount of concentrate along with roughage. Thelevel of production difference between two groups were highly significant (p<0.0001).Key Words: Lactation; Puberty; Service per conception; RCC.DOI: 10.3329/ujzru.v28i0.5282Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 28, 2010 pp. 27-31
A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of July-December, 2014 to determine the effect of transportation associated physical stress of cattle used for beef purpose in Bangladesh.A total of 300 cattle were randomly selected, those were subjected to long distance transportation (648km, 14h).A pre-structured record sheet was used to record the injury related data, physical parameters and others relevant data both before and after transportation.The frequencies of injuries were increased significantly (P<0.01) after transportation (47%) than before (26%).The injuries were most common in Hariana cattle both before (5%) and after (8%) transport.Abrasion was dominated type of injury (11%) and were increased significantly (P<0.05) after transportation.The most frequent location of injuries was pin bone in both phase of the study.The frequencies of nasal discharge and degree of dehydrations were significantly (P<0.01)increased after transportation.Increased number of injuries and other physical status indicators during transportation indicates relatively higher degree of stress and suffering.Cattle trader should aware about the comfortless of animal during transportation for maximum productivity as well as to maintain animal welfare.
The effect of long‐distance transport on cattle health has not frequently been studied in Bangladesh. The current study investigated the health conditions, and the extent and pattern of cattle injuries, along with haemato‐biochemical and hormonal changes, before and after long‐distance transportation (≈648 km) from the market of origin to the market of destination. A total of 100 adult cattle were selected at the Benapole live cattle market, Bangladesh, for physical examination before and after transportation. Fifty of these cattle were randomly selected for additional haemato‐biochemical evaluation just before the start of transportation (0 hour), immediately after arrival at the destination market (13.8±0.9 hours after the start of transportation) and 24 hours after arrival at the destination market. The external health conditions and injuries were assessed. Animals were fasting in the vehicle during transportation and provided only with paddy straw and water before sale at the destination market. Before and after transportation, the overall frequency of cattle injuries varied significantly (26 per cent before v 47 per cent after transportation; P<0.001). Cattle health conditions diverged significantly (such as nasal discharge: 15 per cent v 28 per cent; P=0.03). The values of haemoglobin (P=0.01), total erythrocyte count (P=0.001), total leucocyte count (P<0.001), lymphocyte (P=0.005), neutrophil (P=0.01) and eosinophil (P=0.01) varied significantly. The values of serum total protein (P=0.006), creatine kinase (P<0.001), triglyceride (P=0.04), calcium (P=0.003), phosphorus (P<0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (P=0.04) significantly differed. The overall findings indicate a high degree of transport stress and poor animal welfare.
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