This paper seeks to review the current state of China’s electronic health system. It will bring to light the usage levels of hospitals and employees and the challenges of implementation. The health record of a patient or client to a hospital is the data source regarding the variations of health status and received health services throughout a client’s life. All-inclusive electronic medical records (EMR) have been recognized to be an active tool for improving the quality and safety of healthcare services in China. Reaching a state of personal healthcare information system that covers the whole population is one of the main goals of China by the year 2020. Digital databases have been established by most hospitals, counties and provinces in China for managing electronic health records and patient/client data. The main goal of Chinese digitization reform is to build integrated strong health information platforms at city, county, provincial and national levels. Regardless of the largest inhabitants and huge discrepancies among diverse regions, China has set a determined goal to complete the execution of a nationwide interoperable health information system that allows healthcare facilities to share residents’ healthcare information by the end of 2020. The findings obtained from the various literature reviewed indicate that China is doing very well in the implementation and usage of hospital electronic information systems (EHR, EMR etc.).
Abstract Background Family practice and family doctors are critical part of China’s primary healthcare delivery in a constantly evolving society. As the first point of contact with the medical system, family practices require physically and psychologically sound and a well-motivated family doctors at all times. This is because an error can lead to loss of lives as gatekeepers of the medical system. Our study explored the extent to which positive psychological capital promotes higher performance among family doctors. Methods A questionnaire was used to collect data from family doctors in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Beijing. We applied a structural equation analysis to analyze the causal relationship among the variables. Results We found out that psychological well-being and job involvement significantly influences the performance of family doctors in China. The study also noted that psychological capital moderates the relationship between psychological well-being attainment, job involvement, and performance. Conclusions Studies have shown that these pressures affect their well-being considerably. For this reason, a healthcare professional who experiences positive emotions affects the total behavior which culminates into performance.
The digitalization of contemporary markets and societies is the cause of major transformation in modern day technology. This transformation therefore has a positive effect on globalization. The tradition of private sector vibrancy and strong mobile and internet backbone has been a huge part of the e-commerce success in the country. The emerging middle class who are largely tech-savvy and hungry for real price and product discovery are ready to buy online. However, cyber crime is one of the major challenges facing e-commerce in Ghana. The country has one of the worst reputations for cyber criminality on the continent, leaving many people wary of buying online. It is therefore important for the state to explore regulatory framework to forestall the challenges of cyber criminality that bedevils the country’s current e-commerce platform.
Objectives: to examine the causal relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction and explore the mediating role of health status on the relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction. Methods: A total of 1856 older Chinese people participating in 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included. A cross-lagged panel analysis (CLPA) combined with mediator analysis was utilized. Results: The average sleep quality levels for the years 2011, 2014, and 2018 were 3.70, 3.63, and 3.47 out of 5, respectively. The corresponding average levels of health status were 3.47, 3.44, and 3.39 out of 5, and the average levels of life satisfaction were 3.75, 3.86, and 3.87 out of 5, respectively. In addition, sleep quality at prior assessment points was significantly associated with life quality at subsequent assessments, and vice versa. Also, health status partially mediated this prospective reciprocal relationship. Conclusions: There is a nonlinear decreased trend in sleep quality and health status, while there exists a nonlinear increased trend in life satisfaction for older adults from 2011 to 2018. Reciprocal positive effects between sleep quality and life satisfaction in older adults exist and are mediated by health status.
Elderly care, or aged care, is the fulfilment of the special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens. Because of the wide variety of elderly care found globally, as well as differentiating cultural perspectives on elderly citizens, cannot to be limited to any one practice. Our study evaluates the socio-economic situation of older people in Ghana, as they move into their retirement year. It analyses a comprehensive range of variables that capture the economic status of the elderly, including income, poverty rates, food consumption, housing consumption, nutrition measures, household production, and leisure. Further the study focuses on providing a solid assessment of the economic status of elderly people using comprehensive measures. It also specifically addresses questions regarding the social program participation decisions of the elderly and how public transfers impact their welfare. Following proposal for further studies in existing literature, this study explore the expectations and perception of socio-economic care needs of the elderly in Ghana using Kano’s service quality model as a tool to determine the expectations gap in the current services available for the elderly in Ghana. The study concludes that social welfare has typically had a low priority and the contribution of the family to welfare has largely been neglected. As a consequence, policy-making on how better to harness the energies and resources of the family and the community to resolve the social needs of individuals and groups has barely commenced. Traditional domestic arrangements had intergenerational support built into them; modern arrangements are in the process of destroying this key social welfare feature. Recognizing that this is the case raises the question of how to design intergenerational support back into mainstream social relations so that the elderly are not marginalized and put at risk by the urbanization process.
Available literature shows that a large group's aggregated answers to questions involving quantity estimation, general world knowledge, and spatial reasoning has generally been found to be as good as, and often better than, the answer given by any of the individuals within the group. This has inspired the development of new models of crowd wisdom techniques such as prediction markets. To find out whether prediction market or crowd wisdom tools can help in making accurate prognosis, one medical case was chosen which is how well experienced doctors can predict the survivability of patients with gastric cancer. The results are compared with the outcome of survivability forecast using the Cox hazard proportion regression model and the artificial neural networks. The ANN accurately forecasted 31% of patients to survive whiles 33% will not. On the other hand, the Cox Hazard Model accurately predicted 29% of the patients to survive whiles 31% will not. Finally, the PM market predicted 31% of the patients to survive whiles 31 percent will not survive. On the whole the prediction accuracy of the ANN was 64% whiles that of the CPH and the Prediction Market were 60% and 62% respectively. This implies that that whiles the ANN defeated the PM Model in predicting accuracy of survivability of patients with gastric cancer, it outperformed the Cox Hazard Model by 32 percentage points.
Mathematical modelling of customer satisfaction has attracted strong academic interest over the centuries. Traditional satisfaction models have aimed at empirical generalizations and hence describe the customers’ behaviour parsimoniously at the market level. More recently, agent-based modelling and simulation has increasingly been adopted since it operates on the individual level and, thus, can capture complex emergent phenomena highly relevant in satisfaction research. Agent-based methods have been applied in this context both as intuition aids that facilitate theory-building and as tools to analyse real-world scenarios, support management decisions and obtain policy recommendations. This review addresses both streams of research. The research critically examine the strengths and limitations of agent-based modelling in the context of customer satisfaction. The target audience of the paper includes both researchers in marketing interested in new findings from the agent-based modelling literature and researchers who intend to implement agent-based models for their own research endeavours. Accordingly, cover pivotal modelling aspects in depth (concerning, consumer behavior) and outline existing models in sufficient detail to provide a proper entry point for researchers new to the field.
Technological and medical advancement globally in recent times has led to an increase in the life expectancy and research shows that there will be a further increase in the coming years. And increase in the life expectancy ratio poses a threat to the pension systems of an economy. The world has experience a global pension system crisis due to the increasing aging populations hence a high old dependency ratio. The global pension systems was generated by factors such as increase in older population, inadequate savings for retirement in old age and increase in unfunded pension liabilities. There have been moves by the various governments to adopt measures to mitigate the rise in the pension costs within their countries. This paper discusses in details the factors that have driven and necessitated the pension system reform dynamics at the global stage. Keywords: elderly poverty, pension system reform, old age crisis
Girl-child education in the African context continues to be an important subject matter that needs to be studied. While efforts to address the challenges have been made over the years, this study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the unique demographic, economic, and sociocultural factors that impact girl-child education, which could subsequently affect future policies in Ghana to improve gender parity in education. The study aims to explore the sociocultural and economic elements that impact girl child education in the Ashaiman municipality, where studies have revealed an increasing disparity in gender and unequal representation of females in education and socioeconomic endeavors. This present study employed a quantitative descriptive survey approach with questionnaires as the primary data-gathering tool. A total sample of 165 household heads constituted the main respondents. The Binary Logistics Regression method was utilized for the data analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). The various deductions from the study confirm some demographic, economic, and sociocultural factors such as household size, culture, early marriage, the income level of the household, and migration were the key factors that influenced the girl child education in the Ashaiman municipality. The findings of this study have empirical and policy contributions to shape future research and policies on girl child education specifically in Ghana which is also relevant to the empowerment of females.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
