The nutlet (mericarp) morphology of nine species of Salvia sect. Salvia ( Salvia bracteata Banks & Sol., Salvia macrochlamys Boiss. & Kotschy, Salvia suffruticosa Montbret & Aucher ex Benth., Salvia trichoclada Benth.), Hymenosphace ( Salvia multicaulis Vahl), Aethiopis ( Salvia montbretii Benth., Salvia palaestina Benth., Salvia syriaca L.) and Hemisphace ( Salvia russellii Benth.) (Lamiaceae) has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a detailed description of the nutlet morphological features of all examined taxa is provided. The basic shape of nutlets in most species is subprolate or prolate and the size ranged between 3.02 and 6.47 mm in length and between 1.78 and 5.10 mm in width. Three basic types of sculpturing can be distinguished: colliculate, reticulate and verrucate. The colliculate type is the most common among the studied species. The colliculate type is characteristic for sect. Salvia . Subsection Salvia with colliculate/slightly furrowed sculpturing is easily distinguished from the other subsections. The systematic and biological implications of the nutlet characteristics are shortly discussed.
Glaucium taxa were investigated in terms of their morphological, palynological and phylogenetical characteristic. The results of this study show differences between the taxa in some of these characteristics, especially in micromorphology and formation of clades in phylogenetic trees based on the matK and ITS3-6 DNA sequence data. Based on the findings of the molecular analyses supported by morphological data (stem’s trichomes),the genus Glaucium of Turkey was divided into subsections Glabrousae and Pubescentae.
In this study, 4 Salvia species found in the Aethiopis section distributed in the province of Mardin in the Southeast of Turkey between the years 2018-2021 were analyzed comparatively in terms of anatomy. Transverse sections taken from the roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of the taxa were examined under a light microscope. S. brachyantha ssp. brachyantha, S. montbretii, S. palaestina, and S. syriaca taxa were analyzed anatomically. S. montbretii and S. syriaca species were analyzed in detail for the first time anatomically. In the anatomical examinations, it was observed that the root, stem, leaf, and petiole structures of the taxa were similar, but the shapes and sizes, in addition to the tissue layer and pith row numbers, were different. As a result, anatomical characters provide important information in the differentiation of species.
Glaucium Mill., Turkiye’de 5 cins ve yaklasik 102 tur ile temsil edilen Papaveraceae familyasinin onemli cinslerinden birisidir. Genellikle “boynuzlu gelincik”, “comlekcatlatan” olarak bilinmektedir. Bu calismada cinsin bazi ( G. corniculatum (L) Rud. subsp. corniculatum , G. corniculatum (L) Rud. subsp. refractum (Nab.) Cullen, G. grandiflorum Boiss & Huet var. grandiflorum , G. grandiflorum Boiss & Huet var . torquatum Cullen , G. grandiflorum var. haussknechtii (Bornm. & Fedde) Parsa , G. flavum Crantz, G. leiocarpum Boiss ., G. acutidentatum Hausskn. & Bornm ., G. cappadocicum Boiss., G. secmenii Yildirimli) taksonlari nin yetistigi ortamlarin ekolojik ozelliklerini belirlemek uzere toprak orneklerinin analizleri yapilarak fiziksel ve kimyasal ozellikleri tespit edilmistir. Taksonlara ait bazi arazi bilgileri ve ekolojik ozellikler verilmistir. Inceleme sonunda taksonlarin alkali, kirec degeri yuksek topraklari tercih ettigi tespit edilmistir. Diger parametrelerde ise (tuz, doygunluk, organik madde, yarayisli P, yarayisli K, Ca, Mg) farklilik gozlemlenmistir, bu veriler dogrultusunda cinse ait taksonlarin ozellesmis farkli ortamlara uyum sagladigi gorulmektedir.
Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are an important horticultural crop and are used fresh and processed.Fruit size estimation is used to describe the fruit's growth curve, monitor individual plant growth, predict yield, and conduct physiological studies.Water displacement techniques are used to determine fruit volume, but these are timeconsuming and impractical under field conditions.The aim of this study was to devise a mathematical model to analytically determine the non-destructive pepper fruit volume.Fruit volume was described as a dependent variable, while length, weight, and diameter were independent variables in the model which was formulated as Yi = 19.226859+ 0.139562 Xi -0.256142 Zi + 1.429122 Ti, where Yi = fruit volume (cm 3 ), and Xi, Zi, and Ti are fruit diameter (mm), length (mm), and weight (g) , respectively.This equation can be easily used to predict the accuracy of pepper fruit volume.A significant relationship (P ≤ 0.01) was found between dependent and independent variables.The correlation coefficient describing the relationship between the actual fruit volumes and the model solution was 0.9516.Consequently, it was determined that pepper fruit volume can be described as depending on fruit length, weight, and diameter.
In this study, it is aimed to examine the strategies for solving organizational conflict sources and problem foci in educational institutions. Conflicts that are effectively managed in other institutions, especially educational institutions, contribute to the development of the organization's mission and culture. There are always conflicts and differences of opinion in organizations. Because conflict is an integrative quality of change. Organizations in which there is no conflict are stationary organizations. Innovation, change and performance are low in these organizations. In organizations where there are constant and intense conflicts, failure to make decisions on time, inability to solve problems, staff demoralization and stress cause a negative impact on work efficiency. Even the increasingly violent conflicts that cannot be resolved endanger the existence of the organization. Reasonable level of conflict should be encouraged because it is necessary for the dynamism, productivity, innovation and development of the organization. Educational organizations are composed of different people with different motivations, programs, lifestyles, communication structures. For this reason, conflict is inevitable in schools, as in other organizations. Since conflict plays a recurring role in the lives of school administrators and teachers, individuals holding these positions should learn to manage conflict effectively and direct conflict to constructive results. Instead of accepting that the conflict that arises in their own organizations does not exist at all, school administrators should see it as a source of constructive and productive movement. Managers should not eliminate conflicts completely by suppressing them, nor should they ignore them and not allow conflicts to reach a level that will harm the organization. Managers should keep conflicts at a reasonable level by applying the most appropriate solution strategy or strategies after investigating the causes of conflicts. Thus, it should make conflicts suitable for the benefit of the organization. Managers should not be afraid of conflicts, on the contrary, they should be able to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization by taking advantage of conflicts. Keywords: Educational Institutions, Organizational Conflict, Problem Foci, Solution Strategies
Genel olarak "sıracaotu" olarak bilinen Scrophulariaceae familyası, otsu bitkilerden ve bir cinsi ise çalıdan oluşur. Familyanın yaklaşık olarak 62 cinsi ve 1830 tanınmış türü vardır. Türkiye’de “sığırkuyruğu” olarak tanınan Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae, Lamiales) cinsi, Avrupa, Afrika ve Asya'daki ılıman bölgelerde geniş bir dağılım gösteren yaklaşık 360 türden oluşur. Bu cinsin gen merkezi, 256 tür, 131 hibrit ve 13 kısmen yapay gruba bölünmüş 6 ise tam olarak bilinmeyen veya şüpheli kayıt ile temsil edildiği Türkiye'dir. Bunlardan 201 tür Türkiye'ye endemiktir, bu da yaklaşık %80'lik bir endemizm oranını işaret etmektedir. Bu cins, morfolojik olarak otsu ve nadiren küçük çalılar, alternat veya çok nadiren karşılıklı basit veya bölünmüş yapraklara sahip, tabandaki yapraklar bir rozet oluşturur. Çiçekler üstte rasemoz, spika veya panikuladır. Korolla sarı, nadiren menekşe veya mor, kahverengi veya sarımsı veya mavimsi yeşil, rotat, aktinomorfik veya biraz zigomorfik, tek yıllık, iki yıllık veya çok yıllık bitkilerle karakterize edilir. Verbascum türleri geleneksel tıpta uzun süredir kullanılmaktadır. Yaprakları idrar söktürücü, terletici, balgam söktürücü, yatıştırıcı olarak kullanılmış olup, çiçekleri mukolitik ve balgam söktürücü özelliklere sahiptir. İlk kez bu çalışmada Şanlıurfa’da yayılış gösteren endemik Verbascum stepporum ve V. tenue türlerinin kök, gövde ve yapraklarından alınan enine kesitlerle anatomik yapıları karşılaştırılmış ve aydınlatılmıştır.
