With the continuous increase in train running speeds and the rapid complexity of operation environments, running stability of the high-speed train is facing significant challenges. A series of abnormal vibration issues, caused by hunting instability, have emerged, including bogie instability alarm, carbody swaying, and carbody shaking, posing a significant threat to the safe and stable operation of high-speed trains. Therefore, the monitoring and diagnosis of hunting instability have become important research topics in rail transit. This review follows the development of fault diagnosis for bogie hunting instability and carbody hunting instability. It first summarizes the existing evaluation standards and innovative diagnostic methods. Due to the current limitation of hunting instability evaluation standards, which can only detect large-amplitude hunting, this paper addresses the gap in evaluation criteria for early-stage, small amplitude hunting instability diagnosis. A thorough overview of the progress made by researches in this field of research is given, emphasizing three primary facets: diagnostic signal sources, diagnostic features, and diagnostic targets. Furthermore, given that existing methods only classify faults into small and large amplitudes, which does not meet the practical need for quickly and accurately identifying fault types and severity during operation, this review introduces existing works on the detailed assessment and fault tracing of hunting instability, as well as the mechanisms underlying its occurrence, with the aim of achieving a comprehensive diagnosis of hunting instability. Finally, the limitations of current methods and the future development trends in hunting instability diagnostics are discussed and summarized. This paper provides readers with a framework for the research process of hunting instability diagnosis, offering valuable references and innovative perspectives for their future research efforts.
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics in HBV/HCV co-infected patients with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative.[Methods] A total of 186 HBV/HCV co-infected patients were retrospectively analyzed.The epidemiological,biochemical,and virological characteristics were collected.Univariate analysis was performed with the SPSS 16.0.[Results] Of the 186 cases,140 were HBeAg-negative and 46 were HBeAg-positive.Compared with HBeAg-positive patients,HBeAg-negative patients had elder age,higher TBil levels,higher virus levels and more blood transfusioner(P0.05).However,ALT levels of HBeAg positive patients were higher than that of HBeAg negative patients(P = 0.031).The rate of HBV DNA positive in HBeAg negative patients was higher than that in HBeAg positive patients(P = 0.000).There was no difference of HCV RNA levels between HBeAg-positive patients and HBeAg-negative patients(P = 0.169).Other clinical characteristics was no difference(P 0.05).[Conclusions] The clinical characteristics of HBV/HCV co-infection patients with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative were different;these differences were also not same as that of HBV infected patients.HBeAg reflect the HBV DNA levels of HBV/HCV co-infected patients.HBeAg states has nothing to do with the level of HCV RNA.
The IFTD (In-Flight Thrust Determination) flight test is an important step to measure the level of aircraft-engine integrated design. Due to the large number of IFTD flight test items and high test accuracy requirements, higher requirements are put forward for ground monitoring personnel in three aspects: judging the effectiveness of the test point, improving the completion efficiency of the single flight test point and ensuring the safety of the test flight. Based on the concept of intelligence, automation, customization and quantification, this paper studies the IFTD flight test process, and designs the IFTD flight test real-time monitoring software based on the .Net framework and the WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) user interface framework, which has the functions of real-time monitoring of key parameters of the flight test, threshold reminder, real-time data recording and data playback. Realize the monitoring of aircraft flight status stability, realize the rapid judgment of the effectiveness of test items, and improve the efficiency of flight tests.
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