Understanding how disability progresses with ageing is important for shaping policies aimed at improving older adults' quality of life, especially when considering the global trends in ageing, life expectancy (LE), and gender disparity. We aimed to assess the health transition probabilities of daily living activities and their implications on LE and gender gaps in global middle-aged and elderly populations.
Abstract Objective: Improving education level was evidenced to decrease the risk of schizophrenia, but whether this strength of education role depends on gender is not. This study aimed to investigate whether there is sex difference in the association between education and schizophrenia in Chinese adults. Methods: Data was obtained from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006, and restricted our analysis to 1,909,205 participants aged 18 years or older, which covered 31 provinces (administrative districts) in China. Schizophrenia was ascertained according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Logistics regression models was fitted to examine the combined effect of sex and education on schizophrenia. Results: The prevalence of schizophrenia in female groups was higher than in male groups, with 0.44% (95% CI : 0.42%, 0.45%) and 0.36% (95% CI : 0.35%, 0.37%), respectively. There is a statistical significant difference that more females experienced severe or extreme difficulty in understanding and communicating. However, more males suffered from severe or extreme difficulty in the function of daily activities and participation in society. The combined effect of education and schizophrenia was statistically significant ( OR =1.05, 95%CI =1.02, 1.08), indicating that, as the level of education level increased, schizophrenia risk of females decreased faster than the risk of males. Conclusions: This study showed that additional years of education reduce the risk of schizophrenia for both men and women while also closing the gender gap between them. As education elevated, the risk of schizophrenia decreased more for women than for men. The findings indicated that improving education level may have an effect on reducing gender gaps in schizophrenia in China. Action to prevent schizophrenia and close its gender gap will require attention to the improving educational opportunities. Keywords : Schizophrenia; education ; sex difference
The Asia-Pacific region is the most populous and diverse globally, encompassing nations with both the longest and shortest life expectancies (LE). However, less is known about the health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) situation in this region.
SVF was combined with methacrylate-functionalized tilapia skin gelatin by UV irradiation to fabricate a three-dimensional scaffold composite FG-SVF hydrogel for the treatment of full-thickness skin trauma in rats.
Abstract Background: As a health transition, urbanization plays an important role in individuals’ health. However, it is difficult to isolate healthy migrant effect between urbanization and health. This study examined the effects of urbanization on depressive symptoms and its possible pathways among Chinese middle-aged and older adults independent of the influence of health-selective migration. Methods: Using the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this study compared the depressive symptoms among three groups (urbanized rural residents, rural non-migrants and urban non-migrants). The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) short form was used to measure depressive symptoms. Logistic regression models and Structural Equation Model (SEM) were applied to examine the association between urbanization and depressive symptoms and the corresponding potential mechanisms. Results: Compared with urbanized rural residents, rural residents were more likely to have depressive symptoms (OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.07, 1.32), and urban residents were associated with a decreased risk of depressive symptoms (OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.94). A large proportion of the association between urbanization and depressive symptoms were mainly mediated by social participation, income and living conditions. Conclusions: Planned urbanization had an independent impact on decreased depressive symptoms. Improvements in social participation, income and living conditions are the main drivers behind this relationship. Additionally, urbanization compensates for the negative impact on depressive symptoms from disadvantaged early life conditions, but it cannot completely eliminate the gap between urbanized rural people and urban non-migrants.
Quercetin was previously reported to exhibit significant anti-proliferative activities, and its major effect on tumors was to induce cell apoptosis or autophagy. However, the specific mechanism remains controversial. In this study, autophagy induced by quercetin was determined with various methods. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was measured after being incubated with Fluo-3 acetoxymethyl (AM). At the same time, the relationship between the intracellular Ca2+ and autophagy induced by quercetin was further analyzed. These results showed that autophagy induced by quercetin (0-50 µg/ml) in HepG2 cells was in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, when autophagy was induced by quercetin, [Ca2+]i was significantly increased. And after being incubated with calcium chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N-tetraacetic acid-AM, autophagy was suppressed, which implied that [Ca2+]i elevation appeared to be the cause for autophagy induction. These results suggested that calcium from intracellular calcium storage may play an important role in quercetin-induced autophagy.
Abstract Background: To describe the status quo and trends of the global burden of all cancers caused by secondhand smoke during 1990-2019. Methods: Data on cancer associated with secondhand smoke were extracted from the Global Heath Data Exchange (GHDx). Cancer burden was measured by cancer-related deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs). Absolute numbers and age-standardized rates (per 100,000 people) were reported for all indicators. Estimated percentage changes in age-standardized rates by age, sex, region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) were calculated to describe the temporal trends in cancer burden. Results: In 2019, age-standardized rates of death, DALYs, and YLLs among the cancer population globally due to secondhand smoke were 1.60, 38.54, and 37.77, respectively, the proportions of which in the total cancer burden for all risk factors combined decreased slightly from 1990 to 2003 and then increased from 2004 to 2019. In 2019, over 50% of the cancer burden was concentrated in adults aged 55-75 for men and 50-70 for women. Between 1990 and 2019, there was an increase in age-standardized rates of death, DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs among those aged 70 years or older. The age-standardized YLDs rate attributable to secondhand smoke was higher among women; it decreased in men but increased in women, causing a wider gap between the two sexes. A greater cancer burden was mainly seen in North American countries in 1990 and in European countries in 2019. Reductions in the annual rate change of cancer burden were found mainly in North America and Oceania, while increases were found in Africa and Asia. In 2019, high-middle SDI countries and middle SDI countries had higher age-standardized rates of deaths, DALYs, YLDs and YLLs than the global level. During 1990 and 2019, the largest decline in cancer burden was seen in high SDI countries, while middle or lower SDI countries experienced increases in all age-standardized rates. Conclusion: Cancer burden attributable to secondhand smoke is concerning given the increasing health loss and differences in the distribution of cancer burden worldwide. Further studies are needed to investigate the causes of disparities in cancer burden attributable to secondhand smoke and to improve understanding of the contribution of secondhand smoke to the burden of different types of cancer. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
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