The predecessor of China Optics was China Optics and Applied Optics Digest, which was founded in 1985. At that time, it was the only retrieval journal in the field of optics in China. At the end of 2008, China Optics and Applied Optics Digest was renamed
The land use/cover change (LUCC) directly incarnates and represents the influence of the human activities, and produces quite significant effects on the hydrological cycle. The LUCC influence on hydrological cycle factors such as ET, runoff and so on was quantitatively simulated for Haihe river basin. The simulation results show that, a great LUCC change of this basin occurred during the period from 1995 to 2000, and this change produced tremendous effects on the results of SWAT hydrological simulation. A general response of Haihe river basin to the human activities is the increasing of ET, the decreasing of surface runoff and underground runoff, as well as the decreasing of soil moisture content.
This paper addresses the effects of the South―North Water Transfer Project (SNWT) in China on surface water and groundwater resources in Haihe River basin under conditions of climate change. An integrated model of SWAT with a simplified groundwater model was developed. Impacts on groundwater and surface-water of the Haihe River basin are calculated under different climate change scenarios. Nine types of scenario are assumed in this paper, consisting of combinations of climate change scenarios and water transfer schemes of the SNWT Project. The application shows that: (1) under current and changing climate scenarios, transferring 122 and 143 billion m 3 of water, respectively, are the best ways to relieve water shortage; (2) nearly 90% of the water transferred from the south is consumed by evapotranspiration under current land use conditions; (3) even when the full diversion capacity is used to transfer water, water shortages will still be acute under the worst case climate scenario.
With the development of artificial intelligence and computer vision technologies, while Transformer transitions from the field of natural language processing to the field of object detection, video detection of smoking behavior based on DETR and its variant models has received widespread attention. However, the computational complexity of Transformer is too high, which leads to serious hardware consumption and low detection efficiency. In this work, we propose a smoking behavior detection method that combines the human key point detection algorithm BlazePose and DN DETR, which improves the detection efficiency by clearing redundant frames in surveillance videos and arrived detection accuracy of 94% for $AP_{50}$ . BlazePose ensures that the video frames transmitted to DN DETR contain people. And DN DETR is used for the high accuracy detection of smoking behavior in the video frames. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method is of high detection efficiency for smoking behavior and good practicality in engineering applications.
Purpose: A Dieulafoy's lesion is an uncommon cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This case describes the presence of a Dieulafoy's lesion within the dilated esophagus due to achalasia. Case: A 29-year-old man with a past medical history of achalasia status post Heller myotomy and gastroparesis with G-J tube placement presented with hematemesis associated with orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia. Additional medical history includes Addison's disease and mental retardation. On physical examination, he had skin changes consistent with Addison's disease, a normal abdominal examination, and he was actively vomiting bright red blood into a basin. An EGD was performed which showed a dilated esophageal lumen, fresh blood and clots in the esophagus, and a Dieulafoy's lesion with active bleeding located in the esophagus at 30 cm from the incisors. Hemostasis was successfully achieved by placement of two endoclips following injection with 1:10,000 diluted epinephrine. The patient had no further signs of active GI bleeding during the hospitalization and at his follow-up visit. Conclusions: A Dieulafoy's lesion is an abnormally dilated submucosal artery that erodes through the overlying epithelium without a primary ulcer. The lesion can cause massive, life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. Most Dieulafoy's lesions are found in the proximal stomach, and are extremely rare in the esophagus, small bowel, or colon. Combination treatment with epinephrine injection followed by thermal coagulation or hemostatic clips has been the mainstay of endoscopic management. Tattooing with India ink should be considered for localization of the lesion in case of rebleed that would warrant repeat endoscopy or eventual surgical management. We report the first case of a Dieulafoy's lesion in the dilated esophagus with underlying achalasia. The cause of the erosion of the submucosal artery through the mucosa remains unclear. Dieulafoy's lesions are usually found in older patients with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic renal failure, and diabetes. In our case, we suspect that his dilated esophagus from achalasia likely increased his risk of development of an esophageal Dieulafoy's lesion.
The UHV eight-wire lifter is an important tool in frequent use for the construction and maintenance of UHV transmission lines, which is made of titanium alloy and weighs about 40 kg. Due to high-weight, the work efficiency is greatly reduced. In this paper, the design of a lightweight UHV eight-wire lifter is proposed by using carbon fiber cladding structure. The effects of three factors on the maximum load-bearing load of the carbon fiber exterior cladding structural member are excavated through the failed experiment of the carbon fiber exterior cladding tensile and shear test pieces and the finite element progressive damage numerical calculation. The orthogonal experiment is employed to obtain the optimal cladding structure of the eight-wire lifter with a carbon fiber exterior coating cladding. After that, carbon fiber eight-wire lifter is developed and subjected to mechanical tests. The test results show that the performance of carbon fiber eight-wire lifter meets the mechanical performance requirements of eight-wire lifter. Compared with the titanium alloy eight-wire lifter, the maximum load-bearing load of the carbon fiber eight-wire lifter is increased by 20.5%, and the weight is decreased by 37.5%.
A novel nonlinear chromophore, 4, 4´, 4´´-tris((3,6-di-tert-butyl)-9-carbazyl-(9,9-dioctyl)-2,7-fluorenylidene-vinylidene) triphenylamine (TCFVTPA), which possesses multibranched molecular structure and extended coplanar conjugation length, has been designed, synthesized and characterized. One-photon induced photophysical properties were studied in 1×10-5 mol/L chloroform solution. Three-photon induced fluorescence was obtained in poly(methylmethacryate) (PMMA) with the doped concentration of 1×10-2 mol/L pumped by a femtosecond laser system at 1300nm and the correspoding cross-section of TCFVTPA was measured as 8.3×10-75 cm6 s2 by nonlinear transmission method. When the energy of input irr…
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