Abstract Objective To explore the cross-sectional relationship between exposure to Environmental Endocrine Disruptors (EEDs) and Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura Nephritis (HSPN) risk in Children. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study of 31 pediatric patients with diagnosed HSPN and 30 normal children through routine physical examination. All Participants' basic characteristics, clinical indicators were collected from January 2020 to December 2023 at our pediatric centers. Residues of related endocrine disruptors in the urine were detected by liquid chromatography. Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm the correlation between the results of each index and HSPN. The role of endocrine disruptors in early screening of HSPN was confirmed by ROC curve analysis. Results In age, and BMI-adjusted models, the levels of several EEDs in urine samples in the disease group were generally higher than those in the control group [OR = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.14–8.76]. BPA, Benzo(a)pyrene, Zearalenone, lead, and MEHP in urine samples from patients were significantly higher than those from healthy controls. The multivariate logistic regression showed that Benzo(a)pyrene (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.04; p < .001), MEHP (OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 1.0–1.0; p < .001), Zearalenone (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.05; p < .001), Lead (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00–1.00; p < .001) and BPA (OR = 1.01; 95% CI:1.00–1.01; p < .001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of HSPN. The ROC curve indicated that Benzo(a)pyrene (AUC = 0.83; p < .001), MEHP (AUC = 0.83; p < .001), Zearalenone (AUC = 0.70; p = 0.006), Lead (AUC = 0.69; p = 0.008) and BPA (AUC = 0.84; p < .001) have good early screening ability for predicting the pathogenesis of HSPN. Conclusions Our results suggest a link between environmental exposures to EEDs and HSPN. Benzo(a)pyrene, MEPH, Zearalenone, BPA, and Lead were associated with an increased risk of HSPN. These EEDs also have good early screening ability for predicting the pathogenesis of HSPN.
Anxiety is a common emotion experienced by patients with prostate cancer (PCa), and can be exacerbated by testing the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) index. The Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC) was developed to assess the cancer-specific anxiety of these patients, but lack of appropriate thresholds for this scale limits its use. This study aimed to utilize ROC curve analysis to identify the best cut-off values for the Chinese version of the MAX-PC scale.A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Chinese version of the MAX-PC scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD). ROC curve analysis, Youden index, Kappa consistency test and McNemar test were used for the optimal cutoff points for screening mild, moderate, and severe cancer-specific anxiety levels in patients with PCa, on the Chinese version of the MAX-PC scale.Two hundred eighty-seven patients with PCa completed the survey. The appropriate cut-off values for the MAX-PC scale for screening patients with PCa for cancer-specific anxiety were 20, 28, and 38 for mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively with the highest Youden indices. The Kappa and McNemar's test showed the best level of consistency with values of 0.627, 0.580, and 0.606 for screening mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively.The scores 20, 28, and 38 are the best cut-off values for the Chinese version of the MAX-PC scale. This scale should be used for screening cancer-specific anxiety for patients with PCa to assess and evaluate their anxiety levels and provide targeted interventions.
Abstract Studying plant early immunity, such as the unique immune mechanisms against pathogens, is an important field of research. Tomato wilt resulting from the infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ( Fol ) is an important soil-borne vascular disease. In this study, we challenged tomato plants with Fol for a time-course RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. The result indicated that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway genes were significantly enriched during the early invasion stage. Further study revealed that the flavonoids galangin and quercetin could effectively inhibit Fol growth and enhance wilt resistance in tomato. Moreover, the genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions, the MAPK signaling pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly enriched. These genes were also involved in plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) signaling pathways. Strikingly, the transcription levels of pathogen-related protein 1 ( SlPR1 ) were dramatically increased at 2 days post Fol inoculation, implying that SlPR1 is important in early immunity in tomato. SlPR1 does not have direct antifungal activity. Instead, its C-terminal peptide CAPE1 could activate root defense responses, such as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, salicylic acid (SA)/jasmonic acid (JA) production, and defense-related gene expression, which collectively increased tomato resistance to Fol infection. In addition, CAPE1 could induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Application of CAPE1 onto tomato leaves induced local resistance to the pathogen Botrytis cinerea and systemic resistance to Fol infection. These results advanced our understanding for the early immunity against Fol in tomato and provide potential strategy for tomato disease control.
<b><i>Background:</i></b> The phase III clinical trial of the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone (BAY 94-8862) has been completed, aiming to investigate renal and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the efficacy and safety of finerenone in renal function remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of finerenone in treating the patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on patients with DKD receiving finerenone treatment from inception to September 2021. Data including patient characteristics and interested outcomes were extracted, and the dichotomous data and continuous variables were evaluated using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and mean differences (MD) with 95% CIs, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 4 RCTs involving 13,945 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Analysis results demonstrated that patients receiving finerenone showed a significant decrease in changing urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) from baseline (MD: −0.30; 95% CI [−0.33, −0.27], <i>p</i> = 0.46, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The number of patients with ≥40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline in the finerenone group was significantly smaller than that in the placebo group (RR: 0.85; 95% CI [0.78, 0.93], <i>p</i> = 0.60, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No difference was found in adverse events between the finerenone and placebo groups (RR: 1.00; 95% CI [0.98, 1.01], <i>p</i> = 0.94, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) (<i>p</i> = 0.65). The incidence of hyperkalemia was higher in the finerenone group than that in the placebo group (RR: 2.03; 95% CI [1.83, 2.26], <i>p</i> = 0.95, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Finerenone contributes to the reduction of UACR and can ameliorate the deterioration of renal function in patients with T2D and CKD. The higher risk of hyperkalemia was found in the finerenone group compared with placebo; however, there was no difference in the risk of overall adverse events.
The high-density microvascular shorten carry oxygen from the blood to tissue cells in animal tissue,and improve the efficiency of geting oxygen in tissue cells.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is the effective factors to promote microvascular growth.This essay is summarizes the progress of studies about VEGF structure,the Physical and chemical properties of VEGF and it biological function,VEGF receptors,VEGF distribution and VEGF in the body of subterranean rodents and plateau animal.
Objective
To explore the expression levels of immune-related microRNA-146b(miR-146b), microRNA-155(miR-155) and microRNA-30b(miR-30b) in human breast milk and its relationship with maternal and infant's health.
Methods
One hundred and thirty-four mothers and their infants from obstetrical department were recruited in the study after delivery.The subjects were divided into 2 groups, breast feeding group(n=86) and formula-fee-ding group(n=48), and were followed up 3 months after delivery.Breast milk samples were collected at 2-5 days after delivery(colostrum) and 3 months after delivery(mature milk). The expression levels of microRNAs in milk samples were detected by real-time PCR.The relationship between levels of microRNAs and maternal and infant-related factors was analyzed.
Results
1.MiR-146b, miR-155 and miR-30b expressions were abundant both in human colostrums(5.950±0.823, 3.899±0.920, 4.057±0.604) and mature milk(4.840±0.805, 2.128±0.969, 4.929±0.566). The levels of miR-146b and miR-155 were higher in colostrum than that of mature milk(t=7.716, 10.215, all P<0.01), while the level of miR-30b was higher in mature milk than that of colostrums(t=-8.626, P<0.01).2.Additionally, the level of miR-30b was negatively correlated with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index(r=-0.298, P<0.01).3.The levels of miR-146b and miR-30b were higher in mothers giving birth by vaginal delivery than those who underwent cesarean section(t=2.356, 3.108, all P<0.05).4.The levels of miR-146b and miR-155 were higher in colostrum-fed girls than boys(t=-2.204, -2.985, all P<0.05).5.The level of miR-146b in mature milk was negatively correlated with 3-month-old infant's Z score of body weight(r=-0.425, P<0.05) and body length(r=-0.569, P<0.01).6.During follow-up, the incidence of baby eczema in breast feeding group(8.82%, 3/34 cases) was lower than that in formula milk feeding group(29.17%, 14/48 cases) (χ2 = 5.012, P=0.025).
Conclusions
The levels of immunocompetent microRNAs in human milk are influenced by the lactation period, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, mode of delivery and infant sex.The immune-related microRNAs in human milk could be involved in the regulation of infant's immunity and growth.
Key words:
Human milk; Immunity; MicroRNA-146b; MicroRNA-155; MicroRNA-30b; Maternal and infant health
With the rapid development of the Internet, people are becoming more dependent on the Internet. However, the security of the network is an issue that cannot be ignored. As a formal verification method, model checking has the advantage of automation in security property verification. In this paper, we organized much literature about model checking and SPIN. SPIN is one of the most widely used model checking tools. We tracked the application and development of SPIN in the past 30 years. In addition, we also discussed the optimization problems of SPIN, such as the problem of source code automation modeling. And we gave a theoretical framework for modeling to help professional researchers solve the problem faster and better. In the application of model checking and SPIN, we mainly focus on network protocols and cyberspace vulnerability. Finally, we discussed the challenges and future work.
Objective: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Some studies have suggested that dual blockade of the renin–angiotensin system provides additive benefits in DN but others showed increased adverse events. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy for DN. Methods: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and CNKI. All trials involved ACEI + ARB (combination therapy), and ACEI or ARB alone (monotherapy) for DN. The outcomes measured were urinary total proteinuria (UTP), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), hyperkalemia, hypotension, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Results: In the 32 included trials, 2596 patients received combination therapy and 3947 received monotherapy. UTP and UAER were significantly reduced by combined treatment compared with monotherapy. It was notable that low doses of combination therapy reduced UTP more than high doses. Serum creatinine, GFR, and ESRD were not significantly different between the two groups. In severe DN, the occurrence of hyperkalemia and AKI were higher with combination therapy. However, in mild DN, the prevalence of hyperkalemia and AKI were the same in both the groups. In mild DN, the occurrence of hypotension was higher with combination therapy; however, in severe DN, it was not different between the two groups. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests that combination therapy can be used on DN with proteinuria, but should be used with caution in those with decreased renal function, especially with severe renal failure.
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