With the rapid development of the science and technology, the application of the high voltage power cable has become more and more extensive. Now, it is generally accepted that space charge has an important effect on the electrical properties of insulating material in a high voltage cable. The measurement of space charge is the research base for the behaviors and properties of space charge in the polymer dielectric. Actually, the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method and pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method are two sophisticated methods of measuring the space charge. However, these two methods are based on a planar sample. For measuring the space charge in a real cable, it is necessary to need the correct and precise mathematical expressions for the PWP method and PEA method. According to the theoretical analysis of the space charge distributions in the plate samples, measured by the pressure wave propagation method, we propose a physical model and its mathematical method of treating space charge distribution data measured in a coaxial geometry. In terms of Poisson equation, the influences of pressure waves on coaxial samples can be divided into two parts, namely, sample deformation and particle displacement. These two parts take into consideration the variations of the sample electric field, dielectric constant and density of space charge disturbed by pressure waves. Therefore, the voltage and current equations about the space charge distribution in the coaxial structure are found. The mathematical expression for the current measured indicates that compared with the current measured in the planar structure, which is proportional to the space charge distribution, the current signal measured in the coaxial structure should be further corrected. This paper also shows the experimental results which are the induced current signals picked from the planar sample and coaxial sample respectively. The results indicate that the current measured in the planar sample is proportional to the space charge distribution. However, the current measured in the planar sample is related to the inner and outer diameter of the dielectric, which verifies the correctness of the mathematical expression. Due to the influence of the coaxial structure of the high voltage cable, the pressure wave focusing effect is obvious as the pressure wave propagates along the axis, which causes the measurement signal to increase gradually with the propagation of sound wave. As a consequence, the electric field and the space charge density will change apparently. Due to the influence of the pressure wave focusing effect, the current and voltage signal will be amplified more obviously in cable, and the current measured by the PWP method shows the distribution of space charge density in cable.
Purpose Despite strong efforts to promote human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and cervical cancer screening, cervical cancer remains a threat to women’s reproductive health. Some high-risk HPV types play a crucial role in the progression of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Therefore, HPV screening has become an important means to prevent, diagnose, and triage cervical cancer. This study aims to leverage artificial intelligence to predict individual risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with high-risk HPV infection and to recommend the appropriate triage strategy and follow-up period according to the risk level. Materials and methods A total of 475 cases were collected in this study. The sources were from the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in a tertiary hospital, a case report on HPV from the PubMed website, and clinical data of cervical cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Through in-depth study of the interaction between high-risk HPV and its risk factors, the risk factor relationship diagram structure was constructed. A Classification of Lesion Stages (CLS) algorithm was designed to predict cervical lesion stages. The risk levels of patients were analyzed based on all risk factors, and follow-up periods were formulated for each risk level. Results Our proposed CLS algorithm predicted the probability of occurrence of CIN3—the precancerous lesion stage of cervical cancer. This prediction was based on patients’ HPV-16 and -18 infection status, age, presence of persistent infection, and HPV type. Follow-up periods of 3–6 months, 6–12 months, and 3- to 5-year intervals were suggested for high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk patients, respectively. Conclusion A lesion prediction model was constructed to determine the probabilities of occurrence of CIN by analyzing individual data, such as patient lifestyle, physical assessments, and patient complaints, in order to identify high-risk patients. Furthermore, the potential implications of the calculated features were mined to devise prevention strategies.
Four supported α-diimine nickel(II) catalysts covalently linked to silica via hydroxyl functionality on α-diimine acenaphthequinone-backbone were prepared and used in slurry polymerizations of ethylene to produce branched polyethylenes. The catalytic activities of these still reached 106 g/molNi·h at 70 °C. The life of the supported catalyst is prolonged, as can be seen from the kinetic profile. The molecular weight of the polyethylene obtained by the 955 silica gel supported catalyst was higher than that obtained by the 2408D silica gel supported catalyst. The melting points of polyethylene obtained by the supported catalysts S-C1-a/b are all above 110 °C. Compared with the homogeneous catalyst, the branching numbers of the polyethylenes obtained by the supported catalysts S-C1-a/b is significantly lower. The polyethylenes obtained by supported catalyst S-C1-a/b at 30-50 °C are free-flowing particles, which is obviously better than the rubber-like cluster polymer obtained from homogeneous catalyst.
Background: Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease that poses significant health and economic burdens. Mice are commonly used as animal models for studying influenza virus pathogenesis and the development of vaccines and drugs. However, the viral volume used for nasal inoculation varies substantially in reported mouse influenza infection models, and the appropriate viral dose is crucial for reproducing experimental results. Methods: Mice were inoculated with mouse lung-adapted strains of influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) via intranasal administration of 10 μL, 20 μL, and 40 μL at doses of 200 plaque-forming units (PFU) and 2000 PFU. This study investigated the impact of varying viral inoculum volumes on murine outcomes at identical doses and assessed the disparities across diverse dosage levels. Results: Regarding weight change trajectories, mortalities, lung tissue viral titers, and pathological manifestations, the group that received the 40 μL inoculation volume within the low-dose infection mice (200 PFU) manifested a statistically significant divergence from those inoculated with both the 10 μL and 20 μL volumes. Within the context of high-dose infections (2000 PFU), groups that received inoculation volumes of 20 μL and 40 μL exhibited marked disparities when compared to those receiving the 10 μL volume. Conclusions: Disparities in inoculation volume, even under uniform infection dosages, engender differential outcomes in pathogenicity. Of particular note, the viral replication efficacy at a 20 μL inoculation volume demonstrates conspicuous fluctuations across diverse infection dose regimens.
Reliability assessment of interconnection networks is critical to the design and maintenance of multiprocessor systems. The (n, k)-enhanced hypercube Q_{n,k} as a variation of the hypercube Q_{n}, was proposed by Tzeng and Wei in 1991. As an extension of traditional edge-connectivity, h-extra edge-connectivity of a connected graph G, \lambda_h(G), is an essential parameter for evaluating the reliability of interconnection networks. This article intends to study the h-extra edge-connectivity of the (n,2)-enhanced hypercube Q_{n,2}. Suppose that the link malfunction of an interconnection network Q_{n,2} does not isolate any subnetwork with no more than h-1 processors, the minimum number of these possible faulty links concentrate on a constant 2^{n-1} for each integer \lceil\frac{11\times2^{n-1}}{48}\rceil \leq h \leq 2^{n-1} and n\geq 9. That is, for about 77.083 percent values of h\leq2^{n-1}, the corresponding h-extra edge-connectivity of Q_{n,2}, \lambda_h(Q_{n,2}), presents a concentration phenomenon. Moreover, the above lower and upper bounds of h are both tight.
Intercropping has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high yield, and stable productivity, and efficient utilization of resources. However, in recent years, the high yield of traditional intercropping is mainly attributed to the large amount of purchased resources such as water and fertilizer, plastic film, and mechanical power. It leads to the decline of cultivated land quality and the phenomenon of premature root-canopy senescence of intercrops is become increasing serious. So, the application of traditional intercropping faces major challenges in crop production. In this paper, the manifestations, occurrence mechanisms, and agronomic regulatory pathways of crop senescence were analyzed in detail. The physiological and ecological characteristics of intercropping to delay root-canopy senescence of crops are reviewed in this paper. The main agronomic regulatory pathways of intercropping to delay root-canopy senescence of crops are based on above- and blow-ground interactions, include collocation of crop varieties, spatial arrangement, water and fertilizer management, and tillage and mulch practices. Future research fields of intercropping to delay root-canopy senescence should focus on the aspects of selecting and breeding special varieties, application of molecular biology techniques, and developing or applying models to predict and evaluate root-canopy senescence process of intercrops. Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of different research results could provide a basis for enhancing intercropping delay root-canopy senescence through adopting innovative technologies for regulating physio-ecological characteristics of intercrops. This would provide support for the development and adoption of high-yield, efficient, and sustainable intercropping systems in arid and semi-arid areas with more people and less land, and abundant light and heat resources.
The existence and accumulation of space charge in the insulation of polyethylene cable has a significant influence on the conductivity, aging and breakdown of the cable. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the space charge distribution in high voltage polyethylene cable. This paper proposes a simplified approximate analysis of pressure wave propagation measurement method in coaxial geometry. The experimental results show that, as in the case of planar sample, the peak of current in coaxial geometry obeys the simple model proposed.
Background/Objectives: The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic virus causing severe respiratory illness, with limited treatment options that are mostly supportive. The success of mRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines has opened avenues for antibody development against MERS-CoV. mRNA-based antibodies, expressed in vivo, offer rapid adaptability to viral mutations while minimizing long-term side effects. This study aimed to develop a lung-targeted lipid nanoparticle (LNP) system for mRNA-encoding neutralizing nanobodies against MERS-CoV, proposing a novel therapeutic strategy. Methods: An mRNA-encoding nanobody NbMS10 (mRNA-NbMS10) was engineered for enhanced stability and reduced immunogenicity. This mRNA was encapsulated in lung-selective LNPs using microfluidics to form the LNP-mRNA-NbMS10 system. Efficacy was assessed through in vitro assays and in vivo mouse studies, focusing on antigen-binding, neutralization, and sustained nanobody expression in lung tissues. Results: The LNP-mRNA-NbMS10 system expressed the nanobody in vitro, showing strong antigen-binding and significant MERS-CoV pseudovirus neutralization. In vivo studies confirmed selective lung mRNA delivery, with high nanobody expression sustained for up to 24 h, confirming lung specificity and prolonged antiviral activity. Conclusions: Extensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate the LNP-mRNA-NbMS10 system’s potential as a scalable, cost-effective, and adaptable alternative to current MERS-CoV therapies. This innovative platform offers a promising solution for preventing and treating respiratory infections, and countering emerging viral threats.
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