The thought how dual vectors are constructed in a new orthogonality relationship for theory of elasticity is generalized into orthotropic thin plate bending problems by using the analogy theory between plane elasticity problems and plate bending problems. Dual differential equations are directly obtained by using a mixed variables method. A dual differential matrix to be derived possesses a peculiarity of which principal diagonal sub-matrixes are zero matrixes. Two independently and symmetrically orthogonality sub-relatioships are discovered. By using the integral form for elastic bending theory of orthotropic thin plate the orthogonality relationship is demonstrated. By selecting felicitous dual vectors a new orthogonality relationship for theory of elasticity can be generalized into elastic bending theory of orthotropic thin plate. By using the integral form a variational principle which is relative to differential form and a whole function expression are proposed.
Theory and applications of model-based fault diagnosis have progressed significantly in the last four decades. In addition, there has been increasing use of model-based design and testing in automotive industry to reduce design errors, perform real-time simulations for rapid prototyping, and hardware-in-the-loop testing. For vehicle diagnosis, a global diagnosis method, which collects the diagnostic information from all the subsystem electronic control units (ECUs), is not practical because of high communication requirements and time delays induced by centralized diagnosis. Consequently, an agent-based distributed diagnosis architecture is needed. In this architecture, each subsystem resident agent (embedded in the ECU) performs its own fault inference and communicate the diagnostic results to a vehicle expert agent. A vehicle expert agent performs cross-subsystem diagnosis to resolve conflicts among resident agents, and to provide an accurate vehicle-level diagnostic inference. In this paper, we propose a systematic way to design an agent-based diagnosis architecture. A hybrid model-based technique that seamlessly employs a graph-based dependency model and quantitative models for intelligent diagnosis is applied to each individual ECU. Diagnostic tests for each individual ECU are designed via model-based diagnostic techniques based on a quantitative model. The fault simulation results, in the form of a diagnostic matrix, are extracted into a dependency model for fast fault inference by a resident agent. The global diagnostic inference is performed through a vehicle expert agent that trades off computational complexity and communication load. This architecture is demonstrated on the engine air induction subsystem. The solution is generic and can be applied to a variety of distributed control systems.
A system wide prognostic process is required to fulfill the needs of expensive and high availability industrial systems. The recent advances in model-based design technology have facilitated the integration of model-based diagnosis and prognosis of systems, leading to condition-based maintenance. In this paper an integrated prognostic process based on data collected from model-based simulations under nominal and degraded conditions is described. Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) is used to track the hidden damage. Remaining life prediction is performed by mixing mode-based life predictions via time-averaged mode probabilities. The prognostic process is demonstrated on a suspension system.
Model-based fault diagnosis, using statistical techniques, residual generation (by analytical redundancy), and parameter estimation, has been an active area of research for the past four decades. However, these techniques are developed in isolation and generally a single technique can not address the diagnostic problems in complex systems. In this paper, we investigate a hybrid approach, which combines different techniques to obtain better diagnostic performance than the use of a single technique alone, and demonstrate it on an anti-lock brake system. In this approach, we first combine the parity equations and nonlinear observer to generate the residuals. Statistical tests, in particular generalized likelihood ratio tests (GLRT), are used to detect a subset of faults that are easier to detect. Support vector machines (SVM) is used for fault isolation of less-sensitive parametric faults. Finally, subset selection for improved parameter estimation is used to estimate fault severity.
This paper reports the analysis of the trace Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn,Sei n the semenand hair and routine examinations of the semen for fifty primary infertile male gro-ups and fifty healthy fertile male groups by Hitachi atomic absorption spectrophotome-ter,with the discovery that the contents of the trace Zn,Mn,Se in the semen andhair in the infertile male groups were lower than those of healthy fertile groups(P0.o1),but Cu,on the contrary was higher;Zn and density of spefm sppeared to bepositive correlation,Cu and density and activity of sperm negative correlation,Se and activity of sperm positive correlation, the correlation coefficient R=0.5818.Therefore,in process of treatment,certain amounts of Zn,Se should be replenished.incresase of Zn concentration might decrease Cu concentration in the body,and thusthat adjust the process of sperm formation and the internal environment of spermactvity,so that the quality of semen will be improved.
The in-situ application results of comb-shape polyacrylamide showed that the comb-shape polyacrylamide can increase the viscosity value of 58 percent to 81 percent more than that of the ordinary Daqing polyacrylamide,and 22 percent to 70 percent more than that of the ordinary polyacrylamide MO??4000 produced by Japan,under the same conditions.The oil displacement efficiency of comb-shape polyacrylamide can increase by two times compared with that of the ordinary polyacrylamide.At the same time,it can decrease the polymer dosage by 30 percent more than the ordinary polyacrylamide.The excellent economy,social and environment benefits of comb-shape polyacrylamide for polymer flooding,alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding and cross-linking polymer flooding have been achieved.It has become an excellent high-efficiency oil displacement agent and profile modification agent for oilfield exploitation.
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