Low-light image enhancement (LLIE) aims to improve low-illumination images. However, existing methods face two challenges: (1) uncertainty in restoration from diverse brightness degradations; (2) loss of texture and color information caused by noise suppression and light enhancement. In this paper, we propose a novel enhancement approach, CodeEnhance, by leveraging quantized priors and image refinement to address these challenges. In particular, we reframe LLIE as learning an image-to-code mapping from low-light images to discrete codebook, which has been learned from high-quality images. To enhance this process, a Semantic Embedding Module (SEM) is introduced to integrate semantic information with low-level features, and a Codebook Shift (CS) mechanism, designed to adapt the pre-learned codebook to better suit the distinct characteristics of our low-light dataset. Additionally, we present an Interactive Feature Transformation (IFT) module to refine texture and color information during image reconstruction, allowing for interactive enhancement based on user preferences. Extensive experiments on both real-world and synthetic benchmarks demonstrate that the incorporation of prior knowledge and controllable information transfer significantly enhances LLIE performance in terms of quality and fidelity. The proposed CodeEnhance exhibits superior robustness to various degradations, including uneven illumination, noise, and color distortion.
Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol intervention on the expression of SIRT1 in the atrial tissues in pigs with atrial fibrillation(AF) induced by right tachypacing.Methods 18 pigs of both genders were randomized into 3 groups: atrial tachypacing(ATP) group(n=6),resveratrol-intervened(RES) group(n=6) and sham group(n=6).A bipolar electrode was inserted through the left or right internal jugular vein into the right atrial(RA) appendage using Seldinger technique,and was connected to experimental pacemakers(AOO) in subcutaneous pockets in the neck.The pigs in ATP group and RES group were paced at 500 beats per minute for 2 weeks to establish AF models.Resveratrol(2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) was given orally in 3 divided doses,7 days prior to ATP onset and continued till the morning of the final open-chest experiment.The expression of SIRT1 mRNA was detected by RT-RCR and the variations in the level of SIRT1 protein expression was determined by Western blot.Results The expression of SIRT1 mRNA and protein in the RES group was markedly higher than that in ATP group and the sham group(P0.05);and the expression of SIRT1 mRNA and protein in the ATP group was slightly higher than that in the sham group,but the difference had no statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion Resveratrol intervention can significantly enhance the expression of SIRT1 in the atrial tissues in pigs with chronic AF induced by right rapid pacing.
Abstract Background Comparisons between endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) have produced equivocal findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The purpose of our study is to investigate the effectiveness and long-term outcomes of adding ET and RT to conventional medical treatment in patients with COPD. A secondary objective is to investigate the clinical improvements resulting from exercise training in patients with different disease severities. Methods The study was a multicenter, prospective trial in people with stable COPD. The cohort was randomized to three groups: individualized medical treatment group (MT), MT + endurance training group (MT + ET) and MT + resistance training group (MT + RT). Exercise was performed 3 times weekly over a 12-week period. The endpoints of exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, COPD symptoms, lung function, and anxiety and depression questionnaires were re-evaluated at baseline, at the completion of the intervention and at 6 and 12-month follow-up. According to the COPD assessment tool offered by GOLD guidelines, patients were stratified into GOLD A and B groups and GOLD C and D groups for further subgroup analysis. Results The intention-to-treat (ITT) population included 366 patients, 328 of them completed the study protocol over 12 months (the PP-population). There were no significant differences in the primary outcome, quality of life, between patients who underwent medical treatment (MT) alone, MT + endurance training (MT + ET), or MT + resistance training (MT + RT) at the completion of the intervention, 6-, or 12-month follow-up. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between MT, MT + RT, or MT + ET groups concerning the primary outcome, exercise capacity (3MWD), after initial 3 months of intervention. However, a small statistically significant difference was noted in favor of MT + ET compared to MT + RT at 12 months (ITT: Δ3MWD in ET vs RT = 5.53 m, 95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 13.84 m, P = 0.03) (PP: Δ3MWD in ET vs RT = 7.67 m, 95% confidence interval: 0.93 to 16.27 m, P = 0.04). For patients in the GOLD C and D groups, improvement in quality of life following ET or RT was significantly superior to medical intervention alone. Furthermore, upon completion of the exercise regimen, RT exhibited a greater improvement in anxiety compared to ET in these patients (ITT: ΔHAD-A at 3-month: RT = -1.63 ± 0.31 vs ET = -0.61 ± 0.33, p < 0.01) (PP: ΔHAD-A at 3-month: RT = -1.80 ± 0.36 vs ET = -0.75 ± 0.37, p < 0.01). Conclusions Our study presents evidence of the beneficial effects of ET and RT in combination with standard medical treatment, as well as the long-term effects over time after the intervention. While the statistically significant effect favoring ET over RT in terms of exercise capacity was observed, it should be interpreted cautiously. Patients in severe stages of COPD may derive greater benefits from either ET or RT and should be encouraged accordingly. These findings have implications for exercise prescription in patients with COPD. Trial registration ChiCTR-INR-16009892 (17, Nov, 2016).
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Objective: To study the relationship between the sex hormone levels and insulin resistance(INS) and observe their effects on climacteric women with coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods: The serum concentrations of estradiol(E 2), pregnendione(P), testosterone(T),and fasting insulin(FINS) as well as the lipid spectrum were measured in 46 climacteric female patients with CHD (group Ⅰ) and in 40 normal controls (group Ⅱ). Results: The serum concentration of E 2 in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅱ(P0 001). The insulin sensibility index (ISI) and arteriosclerosis index(AI) in group Ⅰwere higher than those in group Ⅱ(P0 05).The serum concentrations of cholesterol(TC), triglyceridex(TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were significantly higher in group Ⅰ(all P0 01) than those in group Ⅱ. The serum level of high density lipoprotein(HDL) was lower in group Ⅰ(P0 01) than that in group Ⅱ. There was a significant negative correlation between E 2 and ISI,AI,TC and TG in terms of their serum levels while a positive correlation existed between the E 2 and HDL levels. Conclusion: There is a close relationship between the sex hormone disorder and the dangerous factors of INS and AI in climacteric famale patients with CHD . It possibly correlates with a higher incidence of CHD.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Objective To compare the distribution of intra-and extra-cranial artery atherosclerosis stenosis in different age patients with transient ischemic attack(TIA). Methods We calculated the frenquency of stenosis of the intra- and extra-cranial arteries in digital subtraction angiography of 64 patients with transient ischemic attack. The frenquency of stenosis of arteries in various age groups was compared. Results Among 64 patients, cerebral artery atherosclerosis stenosis or occlusion was found in 54 patients, and the frenquency of stenosis of intracranial artery was higher than extracranial artery (68.5% vs 64.8%). However, in patients less than 50 years old, the frenquency of stenosis of intracranial artery was signif icantly higher than extracranial artery and intra- and extra-cranial arteries (54.5% vs 27.3%, 18.2%, P0.05), while in patients more than 50 years old, intracranial artery stenosis was significantly lower than intra- and extra-cranial stenosis and extracranial stenosis (21.9% vs 43.8%, 34.4%, P0.05). Conclusion Cerebral artery atherosclerosis stenosis distributes characteristicly with age.
Abstract Background: The pancreatic islet specific microRNA-375 (miR-375) is reported to be upregulated in diabetes patients suppressing the glucose-induced insulin secretion. In this clinical study we aimed to assess the significance of miR-375 among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and their first-degree relatives with normal glucose tolerance (FD-NGT) and those with T2DM (FD-T2DM). Methods: We included 56 Han Chinese individuals who received medical health check-ups from January 2018 to September 2018 in the Outpatient Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Yunnan Province, China. They were categorized as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), T2DM, FD-NGT and FD-T2DM. OGTT, C-Peptide and Insulin tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The miR-375 levels were determined by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: The OGTT test showed a significant difference in T2DM and FD-T2DM groups compared with NGT and FD-NGT (p＜0.05). Similar results were observed during C-Peptide and insulin tests. Interestingly, the 2-hour insulin test showed FD-NGT group having a significantly higher mean ± standard error of (64.240±12.775) compared to NGT (28.836±10.875). Assessment of miR-375 expression levels in 4 groups showed a significant up-regulation in T2DM and FD-T2DM compared with NGT and FD-NGT group. A slight increase in miRNA expression was observed in FD-NGT compared with NGT group but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: A significantly higher miR-375 expression was observed in T2DM and FD-T2DM groups compared with NGT and FD-NGT and thus, miR-375 may serve as a stable biomarker for the early prediction of T2DM among high-risk individuals.
Low-light images are commonly encountered in real-world scenarios, and numerous low-light image enhancement (LLIE) methods have been proposed to improve the visibility of these images. The primary goal of LLIE is to generate clearer images that are more visually pleasing to humans. However, the impact of LLIE methods in high-level vision tasks, such as image classification and object detection, which rely on high-quality image datasets, is not well {explored}. To explore the impact, we comprehensively evaluate LLIE methods on these high-level vision tasks by utilizing an empirical investigation comprising image classification and object detection experiments. The evaluation reveals a dichotomy: {\textit{While Low-Light Image Enhancement (LLIE) methods enhance human visual interpretation, their effect on computer vision tasks is inconsistent and can sometimes be harmful. }} Our findings suggest a disconnect between image enhancement for human visual perception and for machine analysis, indicating a need for LLIE methods tailored to support high-level vision tasks effectively. This insight is crucial for the development of LLIE techniques that align with the needs of both human and machine vision.
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