Objective To evaluate the response and acute toxicity of concomitant radiochemotherapy for middle and advanced esophageal carcinomas.?Methods 78 cases of middle and advanced esophageal carcinoma were randomized into two groups ( n =39 each). One group were treated with radiotherapy combined with 5-Fu and DDP (R+C group); the other group were given radiotherapy alone (R group). 6 MV or 15 MV X-ray was administrated conventionally, with a total dose of 66～70 Gy/33～35F. 4 cycles of chemotherapy were given, with two combined with radiotherapy, the other two given after the radiotherapy. All patients were followed up for 3 years.?Results The immediate complete response (CR) in R+C group and R group was 79% and 51%, respectively ( P 0.05). The R+C group showed higher 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates than R group (74.4%, 51.2% and 35.9% vs. 48.7%, 30.7% and 20.5% respectively, P 0.01). However, the side effects (bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal irritation ) were more serious in the R+C group ( P 0.05).?Conclusion?Concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the middle and advanced esophageal carcinomas are synergetic in action, and further clinical study on this regimen is worth while.
The purposes of this study were to test the effect of tetrandrine, alone or combined with radiation, on human esophageal cancer cell line TE1 (TE1 cells) and investigate the potential antitumor mechanism. Human esophageal cancer cell line TE1 was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay for cell proliferation, colony-forming assay for cell radiosensitivity, flow cytometry assay for cell cycle distribution, and western blot assay for cell cycle protein expression. When treated alone, tetrandrine had a time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on TE1 cells. The dose-enhancement ratio for combined tetrandrine and radiation was markedly increased when compared with tetrandrine alone. Further, expression of cyclin B1 protein increased after addition of tetrandrine when compared with radiation only. Radiation-induced G2 arrest was abrogated with treatment of tetrandrine. In conclusion, tetrandrine can enhance the radiosensitivity of TE1 cells and this may involve relief of radiation-induced G2/M arrest in TE1 cells.
Since student L2 achievement is the primary objective of all language education contexts, a huge number of inquiries have explored the role of students’ personal characteristics in promoting their L2 achievement. A plethora of studies have also assessed the impact of teachers’ personal and professional qualities on students’ L2 achievement. Yet, the effects of teachers’ organizational commitment and loving pedagogy have largely been neglected. In addition, no review article has been undertaken to outline the consequences of teachers’ organizational commitment and loving pedagogy for students’ L2 achievement. Against this backdrop, the present article intends to describe the role of teachers’ organizational commitment and loving pedagogy in EFL students’ L2 achievement by reviewing the theoretical and empirical evidence. The review revealed that teachers’ organizational commitment and loving pedagogy can favorably influence EFL students’ L2 achievement. The implications for language teachers, teacher trainers, and educational administrators are also discussed.
Objective To investigate the role of chemoattractant SDF 1 in of homing hematopoietic cells. Methods A mouse allogeneic bone marrow transplantation model and double staining of immunohistochemistry were used in this study.Relationship between expression of chemoattractant SDF 1 and of homing hematopoietic cells was observed. Results In bone marrow,SDF\|1 was mainly expressed at sites near endosteum,in microvessel endothelium,osteocyte and around donor cells.Contrast to non\|irradiation group,SDF\|1 was significantly expressed by osteocytes,and at sites near endosteum in the irradiation group, suggesting that pretreatment with irradiation might enhance secretion of SDF\|1 by bone marrow stromal cells and SDF\|1 could have a close relation with homing cells. Conclusion Pretreatment with irradiation might be one of the stimulating factors significantly increasing the level of SDF\|1 produced by bone marrow stromal cells and the chemoattractant SDF\|1 could play an important role in homing of hematopoietic cells.;
Objective To investigate the expression of SH2 domain containing\|protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP\|1 and SHP\|2 in γ\|ray irradiation\|induced thymus lymphoma in mice. Methods Altogether 338 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into irradiation groups and controls.Irradiation groups which were irradiated with γ\|rays included canceration groups confirmed with histology and uncanceration groups.The controls were fed synchronistically with irradiation groups.The expression of SHP\|1 and SHP\|2 was detected with Western blot in thymus cells. Results The expression of SHP\|1 in canceration groups was much higher than that in uncanceration groups and controls significantly,while the expression of SHP\|2 in uncaneration groups was higher than that in uncanceration groups and controls.When we detected the expression of SHP\|2 with Western blot,we found another protein with a molecular weight of 55×10\+3,which expression in canceration groups was higer than that in uncanceration groups and controls. Conclusion The expression of SH2 domain\|containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP\|1 and SHP\|2 is significantly increased in canceration groups,suggesting that SHP\|1 and SHP\|2 may be related with γ\|ray induced thymus lymphoma in mice.Further research is expected on the relationship between deve\|lopment of cancer and SHP\|1 and SHP\|2.\;
Objective To investigate the impact of metal plate on radiation dose distribution by Monte Carlo (MC) code. Methods The metal plates with 0. 4 thick were placed in water at 5 cm, all the plate irradiated with 6 MV X-ray were simulated by MC code, SSD =100 cm. The percentage depth dose with or without metal implants were compared. Results The surface absorbed doses on incident plane of stainless steel plate and titanium plate were increased by 19. 6％ and 15.7％ respectively as compared water,the dose influence was less than 1.5％ more than 0. 3 cm outside the incidence plane. The doses on the exit surface of stainless steel plate and titanium plate were lowered by 8. 6％ and 8. 2％ when compared with water, the dose impacts of this places where were from the exit surface of stainless steel plate 、titanium plate more than 1.2 cm,0. 9 cm were less than 1.5％. The surface absorbed doses on incident plane of stainless steel plate were increased by 3.9％ respectively as titanium plate, the dose of the exit surface of stainless steel plate and titanium plate was similar. Conclusions MC method is a fast and accurate calculation method. The influence of metal plate on the radiotherapy dose distribution is significant. Under the such condition, the impact of stainless steel plate is much more than that of titanium alloy plate.
Key words:
Monte Carlo; Radiation dose; Metal implants
Objective To prospectively study the dynamic variation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),the short-term efficiency and the tolerability of the esophageal cancer patients treated by radiotherapy combined with thalidomide.Methods The serum samples of 86 esophageal cancer patients were collected before,during and after the radiotherapy.The VEGF levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).3 patients interrupted the treatment because of intolerance radiotherapy.Based on the changes of VEGF level,32 esophageal cancer cases whose VEGF levels increased or remained were assigned to the group to which thalidomide was given during the whole course of radiotherapy.The rest 51 patients whose VEGF level decreased received radiotherapy without thalidomide during the whole course.In addition,30 healthy cases were included in control group.Then the efficiency and safety of the introduction of thalidomide in radiotherapy were investigated. Results The VEGF levels of 86 esophageal cancer cases were significantly higher than the 30 healthy control cases ( t =5.07,P ＜ 0.01 ),which were also correlated with the primary tumor size ( t =4.55,P ＜ 0.01 ),lymph node metastasis ( t =7.50,P ＜0.01 ),histological type( F =3.40,P ＜ 0.01 ) and clinical stage ( t =2.52,P ＜ 0.0 l ).However,it was irrelevant to the lesion site,distant metastasis,X-ray pathologic type,gender or age ( P ＞ 0.05).For the thalidomide involved group, the VEGF level after radiotherapy was significantly lower than during radiotherapy (t =2.37,P ＜0.05 ) with an effective rate of 71.88％.For the rest 51 cases without using thalidomide,the effective rate was 78.43％ yet there was no significant difference between the VEGF levels during and after radiotherapy ( t =0.18,P ＞ 0.05 ).62.50％ patients reported symptoms of dizzy and burnout after using thalidomide,while this incidence was 15.69％ for the rest patients (x2 =19.28,P =0.000).For the groups with or without thalidomide combination,the sleepiness incidences were 18.75％and 1.96％,respectively (x2 =5.168,P =0.023 ); the Ⅲ - Ⅳ grade esophagitis incidences were 12.50％ and 11.76％,respectively (x2 =0.061,P =0.806) ; the Ⅱ - Ⅳ grade leukocyte decrease incidences were 6.25％ and 9.80％,respectively (x2 =0.026,P =0.872) ; the Ⅲ - Ⅳ grade platelet descend incidences were 3.13％ and 5.88％,respectively (x2 =0.002,P =0.965 ) ; the Ⅲ - Ⅳ grade nausea and vomiting incidences were 9.38％ and 27.45％,respectively (x2 =2.913,P =0.088 ). No anaphylaxis was observed. Conclusions Thalidomide can decrease the VEGF expression level of esophageal cancer patients.Patients treated with thalidomide show good tolerance and compliance.
Key words:
Esophageal cancer; Radiotherapy; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Thalidomide
This paper deals with the effect of parameters on properties of positive solutions and asymptotic behavior of an unstirred chemostat model with the Beddington–DeAngelis (denote by B–D) functional response under the Robin boundary condition. Firstly, we establish some a priori estimates and a sufficient condition for the existence of positive solutions (see (Feng et al. in J. Inequal. Appl. 2016(1):294, 2016)). Secondly, we study the effect of the small parameter $k_{1}$ and sufficiently large $k_{2}$ in B–D functional response, which shows that the model has at least two positive solutions. Thirdly, we investigate the case of sufficiently large $k_{1}$ . The results show that if $k_{1}$ is sufficiently large, then the positive solution of this model is determined by a limiting equation. Finally, we present an asymptotic behavior of solutions depending on time. The main methods used in this paper include the fixed point index theory, bifurcation theory, perturbation technique, comparison principle, and persistence theorem.
Objective
To observe the pathological response in tumor tissues and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) changes in serum of patients with esophageal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and to investigate the relationship between these two factors and the prognosis of these patients.
Methods
A total of eighty-nine patients with esophageal carcinoma treating with radiotherapy or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy were prospective included. Gastroscopy and biopsy were performed at 4 week of radiotherapy to assess pathologicalresponse. VEGF serum levels were measured by double antibody sandwich avidin-biotin ELISA prior to, at 4 week of, and 1 week after radiotherapy. The relationship between pathological response in tumor tissues and VEGF serum changes and the prognosis of the patients were analyzed. The survival curve and survival rate were respectively drawn and calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the prognostic factors.
Results
Pathological responses were classified into two degrees: Non-CR responses (22 cases), and CR responses (67 cases). The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in CR group and non-CR group were 77.6%, 46.3%, 35.2% (median OS: 30.0 months, 95%CI 14.3-45.6 months) and 50.0%, 0.0%, 0.0% (median OS: 11.4 months, 95%CI 4.2-18.6 months), respectively, showing that the OS in CR group were significantly higher than that in non-CR group (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the 1-, 3- and 5-year PFS rates in CR group and non-group were 69.7%, 40.9%, 34.3% (median PFS: 21.7 months, 95%CI 13.1-30.3 months) and 36.4%, 0.0%, 0.0% (median PFS: 7.4 months, 95%CI 2.1-12.4 months), respectively, showing that the PFS in CR group was significantly higher than that in non-CR group (P<0.001). VEGF serum changes were classified into three degrees: increased group (16 cases), stable group (43 cases) and decreased group (30 cases). The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in VEGF increased group were 50.0%, 18.8%, 12.5% (median OS: 9.2 months, 95%CI 2.2-17.9 months), respectively, while the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in VEGF stable group were 67.4%, 30.2%, 19.9% (median OS: 19.9 months, 95%CI 14.9-24.9 months), respectively, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in VEGF-decreased group were 86.7%, 50.0%, 42.9% (median OS: 28.7 months, 95%CI 5.4-51.2 months), respectively, showing that the OS in VEGF-decreased group was significantly the highest among the three groups (P<0.05). The 1-, 3- and 5-year PFS rates in VEGF-increased group were 43.8%, 12.5%, 0 (median PFS: 8.0 months, 95%CI 2.5-15.9 months), respectively, while the 1-, 3- and 5-year PFS rates in VEGF stable group were 57.1%, 26.2%, 20.8% (median PFS: 15.5 months, 95%CI 10.7-20.4 months), respectively, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year PFS rates in VEGF decreased group were 76.7%, 46.7%, 39.7% (median PFS: 20.1 months, 95%CI 2.4-40.1 months), respectively, showing that the PFS in VEGF decreased group was significantly the highest among the three groups (P=0.013).
Conclusions
Pathological response and VEGF changing trend during radiotherapy were both closely related to prognosis of patients with esophageal carcinoma.
Trial registration
This clinical trial was registered in the United States Trial, ID: NCT01551641
Key words:
Esophageal carcinoma; Radiotherapy; Pathological response; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Prognosis
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)