Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent, progressive neurodegenerative disease that has been widely treated using dopamine replacement therapy. However, this therapy does not prevent the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Clinical experience has shown that Chinese medicines (CMs) can alleviate the side effects of Western medicines for PD and improve the quality of life of patients. Objective This paper describes the collection and analysis of Professor Qiu Changlin's decoctions for PD and proposes new ideas on the Law of CM Clinical Formula Administration and Syndrome Differentiation of PD. Methods A database of Professor Qiu's prescriptions for PD patients of Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine over 5 years (January 2018 to May 2022) was established and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS Modeler 22.0. Results Frequency analysis of 1162 prescriptions comprising 232 CMs revealed 17 high‐frequency CMs, including Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata) and Chao Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), and correlations among the CMs. The property (nature) of these CMs is warm, and the flavors are mainly bitter, sweet, and sour. Most enter the liver meridian. Based on cluster analysis, we obtained a core effective prescription that mainly comprises Tian Ma, Gou Teng Yin and Zuo Gui Wan. Conclusion The core effective prescription is expected to inspire new ideas for the administration of CM clinical formulas and syndrome differentiation in PD.
Drought is a global issue causing severe reductions in crop yields. Use of nanobiotechnology to increase plant resistance to drought is widely reported. However, the mechanisms underlying nanomaterial improvement of...
Cancer cells develop tactics to circumvent the interventions by desensitizing themselves to interventions. The principle route of desensitization includes activation of survival pathways (e.g. NF-kB, PARP) and downregulation of cell death pathways (e.g. CD95, ASK1). As a result, it requires high dose of therapy to induce cell death which, in turn damages normal cells through the collateral effects. Methods are needed to sensitize the low and non-responsive resistant tumor cells in order to evoke a better response from the current treatments. Current treatments including chemotherapy can induce cell death only in bulk cancer cells sparing low-responsive and resistant tumor cells. Here we report a novel tumor sensitizer derived from the natural Vitamin E analogue (AMP-001). The drug design is based on a novel “A priori activation of apoptosis pathways of tumor technology (AAAPT) which is designed to activate cell death pathways and inhibit survival pathways simultaneously. It involves an inbuilt targeting vector which targets tumor specific Cathepsin B, overexpressed by many cancers including gastric cancer. Our results indicate that AMP-001 sensitizes gastric cancer cells which resulted in expanding the therapeutic index of front-line chemotherapy doxorubicin both in vitro and in vivo nude mouse model. The synergy between AMP-001 and doxorubicin could pave a new pathway to use AMP-001 as a neoadjuvant to chemotherapy to achieve a better efficacy and reduced off-target toxicity.
Abstract WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a member of the APETALA2 (AP2)/EREBP (ethylene response element binding protein) transcription factor family and has been shown to be one of the important transcription regulators involved in the oil biosynthesis pathway. To investigate the role of WRI1 in the regulation of oil synthesis in Auxenochlorella protothecoides (A. protothecoides), the wri1 gene, cloned from Dunaliella parva (D. parva), was introduced and expressed in A. protothecoides. We discovered that the oil content of the genetically modified algae strain (A. protothecoides-Dpwri1) increased by 38.3% compared to the wild strain. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of Dpwri1 in A. protothecoides up-regulated the expression of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), which involved in glycolytic pathway and triglyceride synthesis pathway respectively, resulting in the flow of carbon to the synthesis of lipids. In addition, the expression of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1(ACAT1) were down-regulated, which is beneficial to the accumulation of lipids in cells. This study reveals the important role of the exogenous WRI1 transcription factor in regulating the accumulation of lipids in A. protothecoides, which is of guiding significance for the construction of high-yield oil-producing strains.
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