Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the flourishing experience of graduate students who partici-pated in the BK21 project. In the process of participating in the BK21 project, it is to understand what kind of expe-rience graduate students experience flourishing and to explore the contents of the flourishing experience in detail. Methods In order to achieve this research purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with six participating graduate students belonging to a single BK21 project at C university located in A metropolitan city. For data analy-sis, the phenomenological analysis method of Giorgi (1997) was used, and Seligman's PERMA theory was analyzed. Results As for the main research results, the contents of the flourishing experience were derived in three major areas (learning activities, educational environment, and community activities). First, graduate students experi-enced positive emotions of pleasure in the process of learning and flourishing when they achieved academic achievement. Second, graduate students experienced flourishing while continuously immersing themselves in an educational environment where they could discover their own purpose. Third, graduate students experienced flourishing while discovering the meaning of a happy life in the process of belonging to a community, forming close human relationships, and practicing sharing. Conclusions These research results are significant in understanding the contents of experiences that can move the emotional, psychological, cognitive, and social roots of learners, who are the subject of education, and provid-ing basic data for true flourishing university education.
Total knee replacement arthroplasty using implants is the most reliable treatment method for patients with severe degenerative arthritis.Technological developments and improvements in implantation have helped to relieve pain in patients and to realize a recovery of the knee functions.Conventional knee surgery using fixed bearing implants has a high success rate (range, 90% to 95%) of > 10 years Background: Clinical and radiologic evaluation and analyses of the surgeries using Buechel and Pappas (B-P) knee implants.Methods: The study was conducted on 60 patients who underwent 94 total knee replacement arthroplasty with B-P knee implants from May 2009 to December 2010.The results were compared to the results of 41 patients who underwent 60 knee joint surgeries using NexGen-LPS implants from January 2008 to August 2009. Results:The American Knee Society score of the B-P knee group increased from an average of 66.9 (clinical score) and 65.5 (functional score) to 93.4 and 90.3, respectively; while those for the NexGen-LPS group increased from an average of 68.8 (clinical score) and 62.4 (functional score) to 86.3 and 76, respectively.The average ranges of motion of the B-P knee group and the Nex-Gen-LPS group were 119.1° and 114.8°, respectively, before surgery and improved to 121.0° and 123.0° at final follow-up after the surgery.The visual analogue scale scores for the B-P knee group and the NexGen-LPS group improved from 4.7 and 4.6 to 1.4 and 1.8, respectively.The flexion contracture also improved from 5.1° and 6.3° to 0.64° and 1.72°.The tibio-femoral angle for the B-P knee group and the NexGen-LPS group also improved greatly after the surgery, from varus 0.34° and 0.73° each to valgus 6.7° and 6.9°, respectively. Conclusions:The evaluation of more than 2 years of total knee replacement arthroplasty using B-P knee implants showed good results.B-P knee implants showed a relatively higher degree of satisfaction in clinical knee score and less intraoperative bone mass removal than NexGen-LPS implants.
This study was conducted to identify the antimelanogenic components from Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (black radish). Phytochemical study with the ethanol extract of black radish roots resulted in the isolation of six compounds: 3‐( E )‐(methylthio)methylene‐2‐pyrrolidinethione ( 1 ), ascorbigen ( 2 ), β‐sitosterol ( 3 ), palmitic acid ( 4 ), α‐linolenic acid ( 5 ), and 1‐linoleonyl glycerol ( 6 ). Among the isolates, the thione 1 efficiently inhibited melanin synthesis in a concentration‐dependent manner in α‐MSH stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. Western blotting analysis for the key melanogenic enzymes showed that compound 1 decreased tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 expressions. These results demonstrated that the black radish extract including pyrrolidinethione 1 could be useful as antimelanogenic agents in cosmetic or pharmaceutical applications.
이 논문은 두 소설, 트시트시 당가렘브가의 『불안한 상황』과 폴 마샬의 『미망인을 위한 찬가』에서 상징적인 ‘언덕’을 비교 분석하는 데에 기본적인 목적이 있다. 아프리카 전통에서 언덕은 자아와 정체성의 형상화이며 한 개인의 역사와 문화에 기반한 뿌리이자 근원지라고 정의할 수 있다. 두 소설에서 공통적인 양상은 각 주인공이 자신들의 무의식을 대변하는 등장인물들을 통하여 이중적인 정체성을 체현하는 인물들로 구현된다는 것이다. 즉, 『불안한 상황』에서 탐부는 자신의 무의식적 욕망을 투영하는 나이샤라는 인물을 통하여, 『미망인을 위한 찬가』에서 아비는 쿠니를 통해서 그들의 정체성을 되찾게 된다. 나모와 나이샤는 자신들의 고유한 언덕을 버렸지만, 화자인 탐부는 자신의 확고한 배경에 기반하여 자신을 지켜나간다. 아비는 미국인으로서의 의식적인 자아를 버리고, 무의식적인 본연의 자아인 아프리카인의 정체성을 새롭게 깨닫게 된다. 의식적인 탐부는 무의식을 반영하는 나이샤를 통해서, 의식적인 아비는 무의식을 대변하는 쿠니를 통해서 각각 욕망을 실현하여 안정적 자아를 형성해간다. 하지만 의식과 무의식이 분리될 수 없듯이 그들이 손을 맞잡고 자신들의 근원지인 ‘언덕’을 향해 전진한다고 볼 때 그들은 여성적 동지의식을 넘어 궁극적으로 일체가 된다고 할 것이다.This paper aims to substantiate the definition of the symbolic hill as the source of one’s self or identity. The hill is, in an African context, similar to the root as a metaphor for something shared such as common history or culture. This is an attempt to examine Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions and Paule Marshall’s Praisesong for the Widow in terms of the implied hill. This project is to compare two mirroring doubles ‘Tambu and Nyasha’ and ‘Avey and Aunt Cuney’ in the two novels by following the process in which the two novelists construct the double identities. Each pair in these novels nearly overlaps at some points. Through their mirroring double characters, Tambu and Avey develop their identities. Although Nhamo and Nyasha discarded their hills, Tambu is rooted firmly in background. Avey goes through the process in which she has the conscious mind transcended and the unconscious self emerging. While Tambu recovers her hill, through Nyasha, who represents the unconscious, Avey regains her hill through Aunt Cuney, who symbolizes the unconscious. The main argument in this essay is that each pair of two double characters intertwining consciousness and the unconscious ultimately comes to be one.
Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been regarded as an alternative source for cell transplantation and cell therapy because of its hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic (mesenchymal) potential. Although there has been debate about whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are invariably present in UCB, several reports showed that MSC‐like cells could be consistently derived from human UCB and, moreover, could differentiate into various cells of a mesodermal origin. However, it remains unclear whether these UCB‐derived MSCs are also capable of differentiating into skeletal muscle cells. In this study, we isolated MSCs from human UCB and induced them to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. During cell culture expansion, UCB‐derived mononuclear cells gave rise to adherent layers of fibroblast‐like cells expressing MSC‐related antigens such as SH2, SH3, α‐smooth muscle actin, CD13, CD29, and CD49e. More important, when these UCB‐derived MSCs were incubated in promyogenic conditions for up to 6 weeks, they expressed myogenic markers in accordance with myogenic differentiation pattern. Both flow cytometric and reverse transcriptase–polymerase reaction analyses showed that two early myogenic markers, MyoD and myogenin, were expressed after 3 days of incubation but not after 2 weeks. At week 6, more than half of UCB‐derived MSCs expressed myosin heavy chain, a late myogenic marker. Our results demonstrate that UCB‐derived MSCs possess a potential of skeletal myogenic differentiation and also imply that these cells could be a suitable source for skeletal muscle repair and a useful tool of muscle‐related tissue engineering.
Eosinophilic enteritis is an uncommon disease of unknown cause characterized by eosinophilic infiltration in various areas of the gastrointestinal tract with symptoms. It is generally classified according to the layer of the gastrointestinal tract involved. Eosinophilic infiltration of the serosa is the rarest form of presentation and may manifest eosinophilic ascites. We report a case of a 47-year-old man who experienced progressing abdominal pain. A diffuse erythematous change of the gastric mucosa was observed on gastrofibroscopy. An abdominal computed tomography and colonoscopy showed diffuse wall thickening of the small bowel and colon with a small amount of ascites. Eosinophilic infiltration was confirmed by multiple biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneal fluid analysis. The patient was treated with corticosteroid and responded
Intussusception is a serious disease where part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine. Adult intussusception is mainly due to benign or malignant neoplasm. Therefore, in most cases of adult intussusception, treatment by surgery would be preferable to conservative therapy. However, we report on a 28-year-old female patient who underwent intussusception operation delayed 3 months. Abdominal computed tomography 3 months ago showed a small bowel intussusception measuring 20 cm long. Three months later, the previously identified small bowel intussusception appeared without change. The patient underwent surgery, and ectopic gastric mucosa was observed in the biopsy. Therefore, Meckel`s diverticulum was diagnosed.
'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cpath id='a' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='M-6-25H6m-12 3H6m-12 3H6'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='44'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0 17v10'/%3e%3ccircle r='12' fill='%23cd2e3a'/%3e%3cpath fill='%230047a0' d='M0-12A6 6 0 0 0 0 0a6 6 0 0 1 0 12 12 12 0 0 1 0-24z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='rotate(-123.69)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0-23.5v3M0 17v3.5m0 3v3'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)