Since proposed, spiking neural networks (SNNs) gain recognition for their high performance, low power consumption and enhanced biological interpretability. However, while bringing these advantages, the binary nature of spikes also leads to considerable information loss in SNNs, ultimately causing performance degradation. We claim that the limited expressiveness of current binary spikes, resulting in substantial information loss, is the fundamental issue behind these challenges. To alleviate this, our research introduces a multi-bit information transmission mechanism for SNNs. This mechanism expands the output of spiking neurons from the original single bit to multiple bits, enhancing the expressiveness of the spikes and reducing information loss during the forward process, while still maintaining the low energy consumption advantage of SNNs. For SNNs, this represents a new paradigm of information transmission. Moreover, to further utilize the limited spikes, we extract effective signals from the previous layer to re-stimulate the neurons, thus encouraging full spikes emission across various bit levels. We conducted extensive experiments with our proposed method using both direct training method and ANN-SNN conversion method, and the results show consistent performance improvements.
According to the specialty of computer cartography job, computer cartography job correcting system, based on the CADTool 2000 of HUST CAD center is developed. This system consists of graphical compilation, graphical store, job correcting , and result database. The job correcting part, processes the student job first, then compares with the standard answer to produce the job result and marks out the wrong in the job. Compared with the often used job correcting system\|choic e or filling\|in blank, this system can more truly monitor the student's real le vel.
Three new isobenzofurans (1-3), together with three known isobenzofurans (4-6) were isolated from the root of Yunnan local sun cured tobacco.Their structures were determined by means of HRESIMS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies.Compounds 1-4 were tested for their anti-tobacoo mosaic virus (TMV) activities and compounds 1-6 were tested for their cytotoxicity activities.The results revealed that compounds 1-4 showed high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rate of 31.4,35.2 and 38.8, 29.6%.These rates are close to that of positive control.Compounds 1-6 also showed moderate-toweak inhibitory activities against some tested human tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 2.6 -9.5 μM.Nicotiana tabacum is a stout herbaceous plant belonging to Nicotiana genus of the Solanaceace family.2][3] Phytochemical investigation revealed that Nicotiana plants were rich in sesquiterpenes, 4-6 alkaloids, 7,8 lignans, 9,10 flavonoids, 11-14 phenylpropanoids, 15,16 chromanones, 17,18 biphenyls, 19,20 benzolactones, [21][22][23] isocoumarins, 24 and furan-2-carboxylic acids. 25][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The roots and stems of N. tabacum are the main by-product in tobacco planting and are normally used as organic fertilizer.The multipurpose
Blind Multi-User Detection(BMUD) is mainly applied to downlink mobile user detection for the case of only knowing the spreading sequence of target user itself.In this paper,the performances of Bit Error Rate(BER) and Signal to Interference Ratio(SIR) are compared and discussed through simulating some linear and non-linear BMUD methods like constant modulus algorithm(CMA),minor output energy(MOE),recursive least-square(RLS),Kalman filter and independent component analysis(ICA).The experimental results show that the performance of ICA-based BMUD method is superior to those of the others.In addition,the computational complexity of these algorithms is also analyzed for engineering consideration.
The strain of B 9987 ( Bacillus sp.) was isolated from sea mud of Bohai Sea in 1999, its antibiotic substances (GFB87) are strongly against to various plant pathogenic fungi . The purification of GFB87, was studied by the steps of ethyl ether extraction, TLC detection, color reactions, and ultraviolet scan. The spore suspension of Alterinaria solani, Verticillium dahliae, Cladosporium fulrumand, Fusarium oxysporum, Bremia lactucae and the hypha suspension of Rhizoctonia solani were treated by the culture filtrate of B 9987 strain diluted to 2-32 times. Then the treatments were cultured at 25℃, and observed with optics microscope after 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 20 and 48 hours. The results were as follow. GFB87 were primarily considered as phenolic compounds. Treated by GFB87 antifugi filtrate, the cells of hypha of R. solani, the spore tubes of A. solani, V. dahliae and C. fulrumand, began to dilate to deformed spherical structure, then the cell walls were broken and the protoplasm leaked out (Fig.2: 2, 4, 6), the fungi lost the ability to grow and multiply. More deformed cells were detected with the increase of incubation time. The culture filtrate diluted to 2-8 times is available (antifungi rate, 68%-92%), diluted to twice is the best (antifungi rate, 92%). While the inhibited hypha cells of F. oxysporum and B. lactucae became obviously shortened, and their germination rate also decreased.
[Objective] Microorganisms from high temperature seaweed beds on Kalianda Is-land of Indian Ocean were isolated,cultivated,and identified based on 16S rDNA sequences.Study on characteristics of thermo and salt tolerances of selected isolates were also carried on.[Methods] Samples of alga Sargasso sp.,sediment and water from seaweed beds were col-lected.Using MGYTC medium,microorganisms from the samples were cultivated and puri-fied at 55 °C and 30 °C,respectively.Species identification was determined based on 16S rDNA sequences and phylogenetic tree was built afterwards.Effects of culture temperature and salinity on bacterial growth were determined.[Results] A total of 12 strains belonged to four classes and nine genuses were obtained,and the maximum similarities were higher than 98% with known species.Two strains belonged to different genus of Thermoactinomyceta-ceae,and two Bacillus strains obtained at 55 °C were thermophile.Laceyella sacchari and Bacillus thermoamylovorans can survive at the range of 0-90 salinity.Shewanella upenei,Shewanella algidipiscicola and Shewanella haliotis belonged to γ-Proteobacteria could grow at the temperature of 30 °C-55 °C.[Conclusion] The strains obtained had features of thermo and salt tolerances,or adaptability to wide temperature range,which were expected to be new resources in biotechnology field.The isolates of Tepidibacter formicigenes,Exiguobacterium profundum and Vibrio diabolicus had been originally reported from the deep-sea hydrothermal area,suggesting the internal relations of marine hot spring system and deep-sea hydrothermal environment.
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